Schizophrenia: Classification/Positive & Negative Symptoms, Reliability & Validity in Diagnosis and Classification DP Flashcards
Schizophrenia does not have a single defining characteristic. Instead it appears to be a…
collection of unrelated symptoms
Where is the DSM-5 used?
In the USA
Where is the ICD-11 used?
In the UK
The ICD-11 and DSM-5 are the two major systems for…
the classification of mental disorders
The two major systems for the classification of mental disorders are the…
ICD-11 and DSM-5
The ICD-11 and DSM-5 differ slightly in their…
classification of schizophrenia
In the ICD-11, how many symptoms/for how long are sufficient for diagnosis?
Two or more negative symptoms, for one month or longer
In the DSM-5, how many symptoms/for how long are sufficient for diagnosis?
One positive symptom, for at least one month
Which classification system categorises schizophrenia further into sub-types?
ICD-11
Which classification system does not recognise subtypes of schizophrenia?
DSM-5
The ICD-11 recognises subtypes of schizophrenia
True or false?
True
The DSM-5 does not categorise schizophrenia further into sub-types
True or false?
True
Positive symptoms involve an _______________ experience beyond those of ordinary existence
additional
Negative symptoms involve a _______ of usual abilities and experiencies
loss
Hallucinations are a type of which symptom?
Positive
Delusions are a type of which symptom?
Positive
Avolition is a type of which symptom?
Negative
Speech poverty is a type of which symptom?
Negative
Two examples of hallucinations are
Auditory and visual
Hallucinations are unusual ____________ experiences that have no basis in reality, they can affect any sense
sensory
Hearing voices that are not present are an example of what symptom?
Auditory hallucinations (positive symptom)
Seeing objects that are not present are an example of what symptom?
Visual hallucinations (positive symptom)
What type of beliefs are delusions?
Irrational/false
How can delusions make people with schizophrenia behave?
In ways that make sense to them but may be bizarre to others
Two examples of delusions are
Delusions of persecution, delusions of control
A false belief that you are being harassed, e.g. by the government is an example of
Delusions of persecution (positive symptom)
A false belief that you are being controlled by something external, e.g. by aliens is an example of
Delusions of control (positive symptom)
Avolition is the severe loss of ___________ to carry out everyday tasks and difficulty to begin or keep up with goal-directed activity
motivation
Which researcher identified three signs of avolition?
Andreason (1982)
Andreason (1982) identified three signs of avolition, these are
poor hygiene and grooming, lack of persistence in work or education and lack of energy
Speech poverty is a reduction in the a_________ and q________ of speech
amount, quality
What is speech poverty sometimes accompanied by?
A delay in the sufferer’s verbal responses during conversation or a lack of fluency
The positive symptoms of schizophrenia are
Hallucinations and delusions
The negative symptoms of schizophrenia are
Avolition and speech poverty
Diagnosis is the identification of the nature of an illness or other problem by…
examination of the symptoms
Someone reporting hearing voices. This is mark point 2 for
diagnosis definition