Research Methods: Ethics - KR Flashcards

1
Q

What is an ethical issue?

A

when there is a conflict between the rights of participants and conducting research

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2
Q

What does DIPC mean?

A

Deception, Informed consent, Protection of participants, Confidentiality

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3
Q

Where might we see ethical issues arise?

A

when there is a conflict between rights of ppts and conducting research

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4
Q

What is meant by Deception?

A

When participants are not told the true aim of the study?

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5
Q

Why is it sometimes necessary for participants to be deceived in research?

A

to prevent demand characteristics

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6
Q

Which ethical issue discusses problems with participants not knowing the true aim of research?

A

Deception

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7
Q

Why might participants be deceived in research?

A

the prevent demand characteristics

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8
Q

How might participants be deceived?

A

participants aren’t told the true aim of the research

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9
Q

What is meant by informed consent?

A

where participants give permissions to take part in the study after being told the true aim of research

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10
Q

When can participants give permission to take part in the study?

A

when they are told the true aim of research

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11
Q

If participants are told the true aim of the research, what will they also be given?

A

the right to withdraw

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12
Q

What is needed for participants to fully consent to research?

A

the true aims of research and their right to withdraw

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13
Q

What is meant by protection of participants?

A

should be protected from psychological and physical harm

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14
Q

How do we determine whether participants have been affected by psychological/ physical harm?

A

When the harm exceeds to risk of every day life

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15
Q

What ethical issue is concerned with protection from psychological harm?

A

protection of participants

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16
Q

What ethical issue is concerned with protection from physical harm?

A

protection from harm

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17
Q

Why does Zimbardo’s research present the ethical issue of protection from harm?

A

because 5 participants had to leave the study due to emotional distress and the study had to be cut short from 2 weeks to 6 days

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18
Q

Why does Milgram’s research presents the ethical issue of deception?

A

participants were told the aim of the research was on punishment and learning when it was on obedience

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19
Q

What is meant by confidentiality?

A

keeping participants data anonymous

20
Q

What ethical issue is concerned with keep data anonymous?

A

confidentiality

21
Q

How do researchers keep participants confidentiality?

A

use fake names, use initials

22
Q

Which example from memory do we have where the researcher has kept participants information anonymous?

A

Patient KF

23
Q

Why is it important to keep participants data confidential?

A

if the participants behaviour is embarrassing/ the research is on sensitive topics, its the law (GDPR)

24
Q

Who is the leading governing body for Psychologists in the UK?

A

British Psychological Society (BPS)

25
Q

What are the British Psychological Society also known as?

A

BPS

26
Q

What has the BPS recommended to psychologists to prevent/ deal with ethical issues?

A

ethical guidelines

27
Q

What is the key term for ways of dealing with ethical issues

A

ethical guidelines

28
Q

How do we deal with the ethical issue Deception?

A

provide a debrief, provide them with the right to withdraw, remind ppts that their behaviour is normal, provide counselling services

29
Q

If consent cant be given within the study, what can be used instead?

A

retrospective consent

30
Q

What is meant by retrospective consent?

A

When we ask participants during the debrief if they wish to remain in the study

31
Q

If we can’t gain informed consent, what other types of consent can we gain?

A

presumptive, parental, prior informed consent

32
Q

What is meant by parental consent?

A

when the participants are under the age of 16, we ask their parents if they consent

33
Q

What is meant by presumptive consent?

A

We ask a similar group of ppts (who will not be taking part) if they would consent to the study

34
Q

What is meant by prior informed consent?

A

We get general consent from participants of what COULD happen

35
Q

Which type of consent do we get when participants are under the age of 16?

A

Parental consent

36
Q

Which type of consent is where we ask a similar set of participants would wont take part in the study?

A

Presumptive consent

37
Q

Which type of consent is also known as general consent?

A

Prior informed consent

38
Q

What is meant by right to withdraw?

A

participants right to leave at any point in the study

39
Q

What is meant by a debrief?

A

post research interview

40
Q

How do we resolve the issue of protection from harm?

A

Debrief, right to withdraw, provide counselling

41
Q

Suggest 2 other things that needs to be included in the debrief

A

True aim, how the data is going to be kept confidential, right to withdraw, counselling services

42
Q

Why can’t the researcher gain parental consent in this research?

A

participants are over the age of 16

43
Q

How can psychologists deal with the ethical issues of protection from harm?

A

Reminded of right to withdraw/ provide counselling services

44
Q

What ethical issue can you pick out from the scenario and how would you resolve it?

A

Confidentiality- refer to peter with a fake name or by his initials

45
Q

What ethical issues may arise from using a questionnaire on stress?

A

protection from harm, confidentiality