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Test 2 NUR 207 > Schizophrenia > Flashcards

Schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

Psychosis

A

Disorder of thinking

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2
Q

Schizophrenia

A

The most frequently diagnosed psychotic disorder

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3
Q

Care of pt diagnosed with schizophrenia

A
  1. Assess for Command Hallucinations and provide appropriate interventions to ensure safety of patient and others
  2. Ensure adequate daily fluid and calorie intake
  3. Provide for personal hygiene
  4. Provide for reality reinforcement
  5. Provide medication and disease process education
  6. ensure opportunities for intellectual stimulation
  7. Decrease social isolation within the milieu
  8. Administer medications as ordered
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4
Q

Factors linked to acquiring schizophrenia

A
  1. Genetic component
  2. Viral infection of fetus brain during pregnancy
  3. Low serum folic acid during pregnancy
  4. High levels of dopamine in the brain
  5. Decrease size of cortical volume
  6. Specific gene abnormalities
  7. Enlarged lateral and 3rd ventricles in the brain
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5
Q

Groups of presenting symptoms

A

Positive
Negative
Cognitive

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6
Q

Positive Symptoms

A 
Delusions
Disorganized Speech Patterns
Hallucinations
Disorganized Behavioral Patterns
Catatonic Behavior
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7
Q

Persecutory

A

Type of delusion

Belief someone is trying to harm them

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8
Q

Grandiose

A

Type of delusion

Belief that one is extremely gifted or powerful

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9
Q

Religious

A

Type of delusion

Over involvement in religious practices or beliefs leading to dysfunction

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10
Q

Somatic

A

Type of delusion

Belief in odd sensations involving the body

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11
Q

Nihilistic

A

Type of delusion

Belief that one is dead or parts of one’s body are no longer functioning

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12
Q

External Control

A

Type of delusion
Belief that one is being controlled by external forces
Can also involve the sending and recieving of messages

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13
Q

Reference

A

Type of delusion

Belief that external events apply to one’s self when they do not

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14
Q

Looseness of Association

A

Type of disorganized speech pattern
Individual words or sentences that make sense but that are not logically connected
Eg: “I am hot.” “The dog is black.” “Why is he yelling.”

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15
Q

Word Salad

A

Type of disorganized speech patterns
An odd mixing of known words within a sentence.
Eg: “Up me goes slowly hill.”

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16
Q

Clang

A

Type of disorganized speech pattern

the rhyming of all sentences

17
Q

Neologism

A

Type of disorganized speech pattern
Private language
Eg: “Fal os ot.”

18
Q

Echolalia

A

Type of disorganized speech pattern

The patient repeats everything heard in the environment with little if any original speech content.

19
Q

Circumstantiality

A

Type of disorganized speech pattern
This pattern is best described as talking around the point of the conversation with too much detail.
“Talking in circles.”

20
Q

Tangentiality

A

Type of disorganized speech pattern
Content of each sentence makes sense
Sentence 1 is logically connected to sentence 2 and sentence 2 is logically connected to sentence 3.
But sentence 3 is not logically connected to sentence 2.
the content of the speech is moving away from the theme in a linear direction
Eg: “My wife was angry at me for drinking at the bar.” “That bar is owned by an Irishman.” “I was in Ireland 10 years ago.”

21
Q

Hallucinations

A

Faulty perceptions
Can involve any of the 5 senses
Most often auditory for pt with schizophrenia
Auditory messages are most often a voice or voices
Content is usually menacing or negative
Command hallucinations–a voice instructs the patient to harm himself or another person(s)

22
Q

Disorganized Behavioral Patterns

A

Disorganized Behavioral Patterns
a. Decline in overall functioning including ADL’s

b. Unpredictible or Inappropriate responses
c. behaviors that appear bizarre or without purpose
d. Lack of inhibition or impulsive

23
Q

Cause of positive symptoms

A

excessive dopamine in the brain

24
Q

Cause of negative symptoms

A

structural problems in the brain primarily in the ventral striatum

25
Q

Cause of cognitive symptoms

A

etiology is poorly understood

26
Q

Catatonic Behavior

A

Observed in patients with schizophrenia
Patient can exhibit extremes of behavior
Ex: patient can’t speak, move or respond
Patient may be overexcited or hyperactive with echolalia and echopraxia
Patients may seem to have purposeless actions that are performed repetitively

27
Q

Cognitive symptoms

A
  1. poor executive functioning
  2. difficulty focusing or paying attention
  3. difficulty with “working memory”
28
Q

Poor Executive Functioning

A

the ability to understand information and use it to make decisions

29
Q

difficulty with “working memory”

A

the ability to use information immediately after learning it

30
Q

patient experiencing delusions and/or hallucinations

A
  1. Assess regularly for command hallucinations and take appropriate actions to ensure safety of patient and others
  2. Offer empathetic statement: “I understand that these voices/beliefs are real to you.”
  3. Offer educational statement: “These beliefs/voices are part of your illness.”
  4. Provide statement of reassurance: “We are hoping that your medications will lessen these thoughts/voices.”
  5. Provide statement of safety to patient: “While these thoughts/voices are disturbing to you, we will keep you safe.”
31
Q

Treatment of patient with schizophrenia

A 
antipsychotic medications
Disease Education
Case management
Family support
community support groups
32
Q

Antipsychotic medications

A

Primarily for the patient with positive symtoms

33
Q

Case management

A

including family

may involve home health nursing

34
Q

Community support group

A

for both family and patient

35
Q

negative symptoms

A
  1. Lack of emotional expression
  2. Lack of motivation
  3. Lack of interest in external world
  4. Poverty of speech content
36
Q

Lack of emotional expression

A

flat voice
flat affect
lack of eye content

37
Q

Lack of Motivation

A

Avolition

38
Q

Lack of interest in External World

A

Anhedonia

39
Q

Poverty of Speech Content

A

Alogia
Inability to carry on a conversation
Short and disconnected replies
Monotone speaking voice

Test 2 NUR 207 (11 decks)

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