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Test 2 NUR 207 > Central Nervous System Stimulants > Flashcards

Central Nervous System Stimulants Flashcards

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1
Q

Three classifications of CNS Stimulants

A
  1. Amphetamines
  2. Methamphetamines: A synthetic Ephedrine Product- (Mixture of meth and amphetamines- you make it)
  3. Cocaine
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2
Q

Amphetamines

A

can be bought OTC with exception of ADHD medications-Stimulants

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3
Q

Methamphetamines

A

Bath Salts: Methamphetamine

  • causes huge surges in BP
  • PERMENANT changes in personality

METH- can Cause severe HYPERTHERMIA with use

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4
Q

Methamphetamines Clinical Effect

A

made from Ephedrine (nasal Spray &Anti Sleep Medications)

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5
Q

Methamphetamines- S/S Use

A
  • Intense High
  • ***Paranoia (Bath Salts)
  • ***Aggressive Behavior (bath Salts)
  • ***Severe Hyperthermia
  • ***Dry, Itchy Skin leading to Skin Picking & Scabbing(Formication)
  • **Tooth loss- Deposit of Metals- may turn black
  • Severe burns from meth lab explosions- Risk for injury great
  • Increased VS
  • Insomnia
  • Stroke
  • Brain Damage
  • Anxiety/panic
  • Tremors/Seizures
  • Excessive Talking
  • Labile Mood
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6
Q

Methamphatimes Common names/Forms Used

A

“Crank” = any form of Methamphetamine
“Ice” =Crystallized Smokeable Form-Chunk Form-Very Intense Reaction

Pills,Capsules,Powder,Chunk,Injectable Liquid

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7
Q

Methamphetamine Withdrawal S/S

A 
Severe Craving
Insomnia
Restlessness
Mental Confusion
Severe Fatigue
Depression
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8
Q

Methamphetamine Adverse Effects

A

Highly Addictive

  • **Fires and burbs in meth labs
  • **Rapid Hyperthermia
  • **Organ Damage- Brain, Lungs, Kidneys, liver
  • Accidents
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9
Q

Methamphetamine Treatment

A 
12 STEP- NA
Stinkin Thinkin- What keeps you using
Halt-Hungry, Angry,Lonely,Tired
Addiction Education
Supportive care during withdrawal
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10
Q

Methamphetamine Addiction

A

2nd only to Alcohol in usage in US- Most common in West and Midwest

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11
Q

Amphetamines Clinical Effect

A

CNS Stimulant- release of dopamine and some forms like methamphetamine -release of serotonin =increased neuro transmitters

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12
Q

Amphetamines S/S of Use

A
  • Insomnia
  • Elevated VS (Increased BP=Stroke)
  • Restlessness
  • Tremors (=Seizures)
  • Pupillary Dilation
  • Excessive Talking
  • Increased Alertness
  • Diaphoresis
  • Convulsions
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13
Q

Amphetamines- Substances Used

A

Benzedrine Products (Nasal Decongestants),

Dexedrine (Diet products) & ( Anti-Drowsiness Products)

Ephedrine Products (Diet products) & (Cold Remedy Products)

Propranolamine Products (Diet Products) & (Cold Remedies)—(Can cause severe HTN and Death),

ADHD Medications (Concerta, Ritalin, Vyvance, Adderall)

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14
Q

Amphetamines Method of Use

A

Pills,Smoked,Injected

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15
Q

Amphetamine Withdrawal

A 
fatigue
Vivid, Unpleasant dreams
Insomnia or hypersomnia
Increased Appetite
Depression
Psychomotor Retardation or Agitation
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16
Q

Amphetamine Treatment Abuse

A 
12 Step- NA
Stinkin Thinkin- What keeps you using
HALT-hungry,Angry,Lonely,Tired
Addiction Education
Supportive Care during Withdrawal

Please Note While Involved with Dopamine like Cocaine, Studies show Amphetamine Addiction is not as strong as Cocaine Addiction

17
Q

Other Notes Amphetamines

A

Can’t die from Withdrawal with CNS Stimulants

Everything goes down in withdrawal with CNS Stimulants

Withdrawal= won’t go into severe distress- come back to neutral

The S/S you see in withdrawal with CNS Depressants is what you see in use of CNS Stimulants

The S/S you see in use with CNS Depressants is what you see in withdrawal of CNS Stimulants

base of Meth=amphetamines

If child dx with ADHD is not improving- ask child to point to which pill they take at home. Parents may be selling the child’s medication

18
Q

Cocaine Clinical Effect

A

BLOCKS DOPAMINE REUPTAKE resulting in EXCESSIVE DOPAMINE and eventual DEPLETION of natural production of dopamine, also effects reuptake of the other neurotransmitters as well but to a lesser degree (Results in PERMENANT DEPLETION) = over chronic use- you deplete the dopamine and are always chasing the original high that they can never get

***Thing about Cocaine= It Surges Dopamine

19
Q

Cocaine S/S Use

A

**Cardiac Arrhythmia’s
-tachycardia
-Elevated BP
-Perspiration
-N/V
-Nose bleeds
-Nasal Congestion
_insomnia
-Erosion of Nasal Septum
-Sniffing
-Seizures
-Increased Temp,Pulse,RR

***Psychological - Cocaine addict has depleted dopamine(CNS Stimulant) this can cause person to become severely depressed when coming down off withdrawal

20
Q

Cocaine- Substances Used

A

“Crack”- Cocaine plus ammonia or baking soda and then heated to remove Hydrochloride-Smokeable Form -MOST ADDICTING- RAPID INTENSE HIGH

POWDERED, Hydrochloride sale, can be snorted or dissolved in H20 and injected

Short Acting-SNORTING high lasts 15-30 minutes while smoking lasts 5-10 minutes —-Short acting requires repeated dosing

***Persons S/S depends on how they use it

21
Q

Cocaine- Withdrawal

A
  • fatigue
  • severe craving
  • ***Depression-Severe, may turn suicidal d/t Dopamine depletion
  • Irritability
  • Insomnia
  • Vivid, unpleasant Dreams
22
Q

Cocaine- Adverse Effects

A
  • SUDDEN DEATH- Cardiac Arrythmia’s/Increase in BP=Stroke
  • Increase in pulmonary Disease including COPD and LUNG CANCER
  • Destruction of Nasal Structures
23
Q

Cocaine Treatment

A 
12 Step-NA
Stinkin Thinkin- What keeps u using
HALT-Hungry,Angry,Lonely,Tired
-Addiction Education
-Supportive care in withdrawal

DON’T GIVE ANYTHING TO DECREASE S/S of Withdrawal***

  • Use of the following:
  • **Bromocriptine mesylate-(Rapidly reduces dopamine depletion &Decreases craving)

***Amantadine Hydrochloride

***Levadopa/Cardopa- parkinson Med- Converts to Dopamine in CNS/ ONLY GIVE with low Dopamine & SUICIDAL IDEATION

***Selegiline (Carbex & Eldepryl)- parkinson Med to increase Dopamine

***PARLODEL- is also given to increase Dopamine

24
Q

ADHD Drugs/Stimulants

A

Stimulants given to patients with ADHD have the opposite effect of those in individuals receiving stimulants without ADHD

25
Q

ADHD Medications

A
  • Ritalin or Concerta (methylphenidate) SIDE EFFECTS- Hyperactivity, Insomnia, tremor, Hypertension, Tachycardia, and anoxeria
  • Adderall (Dextroamphetamine/amphetamine) SIDE EFFECTS- SAME AS ABOVE
  • Vyvance (Lisdexamfetamine)- SIDE EFFECTS- SAME AS ABOVE
  • Dexedrine(Dextroamphetamine) This medication is associated with SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATHS

*Strattera (Atomoxetine) NOT a Stimulant. It’s a norephinephrine uptake inhibitor. SIDE EFFECTS are those of antidepressant group. T
This medication is associated with HEPATITIS thus, MD may order liver exzyme panel for patient (AST, ALT)

Test 2 NUR 207 (11 decks)

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