Schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

Onset is typically ____ in men compared to women

A

earlier (late teens/early 20s)

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2
Q

___show a bimodal distribution of onset of schizophrenia with a peak in the late 20s and another peak in middle age

A

women

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3
Q

Monozygotic twins have a ____ rate of concordant schizophrenia

A

50%

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4
Q

Newborns with fathers > _____ years old have an increased risk of schizo

A

60

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5
Q

There is evidence for too little dopamine in the ____ tract and too much in the _____ tract

A

mesocortical

mesolimbic

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6
Q

Heavy ____ use in adolescence is associated with increased risk

A

marijuana

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7
Q

Pathological findings include _____ ventricles and _____ cortical volume

A

enlarged

decreased

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8
Q

Decreased cortical volume appears to be due to: ______ (neuronal loss/reduced density of axons, dendrites, synaptic connections)

A

reduced density of axons, dendrites, synapses

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9
Q

Impaired _____ eye movements and _____ saccades are also seen

A

smooth pursuit

disinhibited

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10
Q

To be classified as schizophrenia, symptoms must be present for at least ____ months

A

6

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11
Q

Hallucinations are typically ____

A

auditory

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12
Q

The classic presentation of hallucinations in schizos:

A

multiple voices speaking to each other, commenting on patient’s thoughts and surroundings

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13
Q

____ are fixed false beliefs

A

delusions

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14
Q

Capgras syndrome:

A

delusion that a familiar person has been replaced by an imposter

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15
Q

Fregoli’s phenomenon:

A

delusion that persecutors or familiar people can assume the guise of strangers

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16
Q

In _____, speech wanders but eventually returns to the original point

A

circumstantiality

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17
Q

In ____, speech wanders and does not come back

A

tangentiality

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18
Q

Presentations of catatonia

A
mutism
extreme psychomotor retardation
repetitive purposeless movement
waxy flexibility
posturing/rigidity
agitation
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19
Q

A catotonic symptom associated with a medial emergency is _____

A

refusal to eat or drink

20
Q

Abulia

A

indifference, lack of impulses to act or think

21
Q

alogia

A

poverty of speech

22
Q

avolition

A

lack of motivation

23
Q

anhedonia

A

lack of enjoyment

24
Q

acathexis

A

lack of appropriate emotional responses

25
Q

_____ symptoms are the best predictor of function in schizos

A

cognitive

26
Q

____ skills are often relatively spared as compared to other areas of cognition, leading to ____ of cognitive function

A

verbal/vocab

overestimation

27
Q

There is typically _____ arm swinging while walking in schizos

A

decreaed

28
Q

The ____ stage is key for early detection and treatment of schizo, leading to better outcomes if caught.

A

prodromal

29
Q

The longer symptoms are untreated or inadequately treated, the ____ the time to remission, ____ residual symptoms, and ____ long term prognosis

A

longer
more
worse

30
Q

downward drift hypothesis:

A

individuals with schizo enter into a lower socioeconomic group as a direct result of the illness

31
Q

One prominent finding in schizos is _____, or lack of insight

A

anosognosia

32
Q

Anosognosia is due to an abnormality within the brain’s ____ and ____ lobes

A

frontal, parietal

33
Q

Schizo treatments typically help with ____ symptoms, but generally don’t improve ____ symptoms as much

A

positive

negative

34
Q

_____ is the most common first gen anti-psychotic used

A

haldol (haloperidol)

35
Q

Extrapyramidal side effects of 1st gen anti-psychotic meds include

A

dystonia, akathisia, bradykinesia, and tardive dyskinesia

36
Q

akathisia

A

restlessness

37
Q

_____ ____ ____ syndrome is a side effect of 1st gen anti-psychotics and is characterized by rigidity, myoglobinuria, autonomic instability, and hyperpyrexia

A

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

38
Q

medical emergency as a result of some 1st gen anti-pyschotics

A

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

39
Q

tardive dyskinesia

A

stereotypic oral/facial movements as a result of long term anti-psychotic use

40
Q

_____ is the most effective 2nd gen anti-psychotic, but there are some bad side effects associated with it

A

clozapine

41
Q

Side effects of clozapine

A

neutorpenia/agranulocytosis; seizure

42
Q

weight gain may be seen with use of _____ or ______

A

olanzapine, clozapine

43
Q

____ carries a risk of hyperprolactinemia

A

risperidone

44
Q

2nd gen anti-psychos may prolong the _____ interval

A

QT

45
Q

Psychotherapy has been shown to be most helpful as regards to _____ therapy

A

family

46
Q

belief that people with severe mental illness decompensate in response to stressors and can function better if stressors are proactively addressed

A

assertive community treatment