Anxiety Disorders

Question 1

All anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive/pathological levels of anxiety that _____

Answer 1

interfere with daily function

Question 2

In anxiety disorders, there is reduced functional connectivity between the _____ and _____ as well as _____ cortices

Answer 2

left amygdala
medial orbitofrontal
posterior cingulate

Question 3

Major site of action for anti-anxiety drugs:

Answer 3

limbic system

Question 4

Ways to decrease limbic activity:
1.
2.
3.

Answer 4

strengthen prefrontal cortex
increase serotonin levels in circuits
increase GABA inhibition in amygdala/hippocampus

Question 5

____ works by strengthening the prefrontal cortex

Answer 5

cognitive behavioral therapy

Question 6

______ work by increasing serotonin levels in the brain

Answer 6

Anti-depressants

Question 7

_____ increase GABA inhibition

Answer 7

benzodiazepines

Question 8

Panic attacks peak within _____ minuteds

Answer 8

10

Question 9

The P in PANICS acronym of panic disorder symptoms stands for (2)

Answer 9

palpitations

paresthesias

Question 10

The A in the PANICS acronym stands for

Answer 10

abdominal distress

Question 11

the N in the PANICS acronym stands for

Answer 11

Nausea

Question 12

the I in the PANICS acronym stands for (3)

Answer 12

Intense fear of dying/losing control
impending doom
lIght headedness

Question 13

the C in the PANICS acronym stands for (4)

Answer 13

chest pain
chills
choking
disConnectedness

Question 14

the S in the PANICS acronym stands for (3)

Answer 14

sweating
shortness of breath
shaking

Question 15

Panic disorder requires recurrent panic attacks followed by one month of: one of (3)

Answer 15

concern about further attacks
worry about consequences
significant behavioral change

Question 16

Onset of panic disorder typically

Answer 16

during teenage/early adulthood

Question 17

Patients with panic disorders often respond to very ____ doses of SSRIs

Answer 17

low ie 25 mg sertaline

Question 18

social anxiety disorder

Answer 18

exaggerated fear of embarrassment in social situations

Question 19

_____ is characterized by excessive anxiety or worry about a number of events/activities for 6 months

Answer 19

generalized anxiety disorder

Question 20

obsessive compulsive disorder is an example of a ego-(systonic/dystonic) disorder

Answer 20

egodystonic

Question 21

In OCD, the extrapyramidal pathways, specifically the ____ _____ pathway is affected

Answer 21

basal ganglia

Question 22

Fronto-striato-thalamo-frontal circuit:

Answer 22

thalamus–>orbitofrontal cortex–>caudate nucleus

affected in OCD

Question 23

OCD requires a _____ dose of SSRIs and a _____ duration

Answer 23

higher, longer

Question 24

Behavioral therapy used in OCD

Answer 24

Exposure-response prevention

Question 25

_____ may involve nightmares, flashbacks, intense fear, helplessnesss, and/or horror

Answer 25

PTSD

Question 26

_____ stimulates 5-HT1a receptors and is used to treat generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 26

busipirone

Question 27

4 SSRIs to know

Answer 27

fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertaline, citalopram

Question 28

SSRIs normally take _____ weeks to have an effet

Answer 28

4-8

Question 29

____ and _____ are examples of SNRIs and inhibit 5-ht and NE reuptake. they are used for ____

Answer 29

venlafaxine, duloxetine | depression, pain, peripheral nueropathy

Question 30

____ is an atypical antidepressant that is also used in smoking cessation. it works by increasing ____ and ____ via an unknown mechanism

Answer 30

bupropion | NE, dopamine