Schizophrenia

Question 1

Major theories of Schizophrenia neurochemistry

Answer 1

Dopamine Theory, Glutamate theory, GABAergic model

Question 2

Dopamine theory

Answer 2

Hyperactivity of mesolimbic system and hypoactivity of dopamine in mesocortical system

Question 3

Glutamate model

Answer 3

hypoactivity of cortical glutamatergic system (model in revision); similar to dopamine theory

Question 4

GABAergic model

Answer 4

reduced parvalbumin positive interneurons in laminar III of prefrontal cortex

Question 5

3 primary approaches to studying genetics

Answer 5

Genetic epidemiology, Molecular genetics, Molecular biology

Question 6

basis of Molecular genetics

Answer 6

certain alleles more common in an affected than unaffected individuals (methods: linkage and association)

Question 7

molecular biology

Answer 7

functional studies of effects of genes and gene variants to elucidate how a gene functions normally and specific DNA variants alter normal processes and thus contribute to disease state

Question 8

Environmental factors of risk

Answer 8

season of birth, prenatal nutrition, prenatal infection, pregnancy and birth complications/obstetric events, social biology (migration, urbanicity, etc), drug abuse, marijuana use

• many of these are theories

Question 9

main reason for 2nd generation drug use

Answer 9

larger side effect profile with 1st gen