Schizophrenia 2 Flashcards
what does CNV stand for and mean?
copy number variants (means a specific genetic factor)
how is there variation in the 16p11.2 gene causing schizophrenia?
either deletion or duplication. the 16th chromosome which has genes that are either deleted or duplicated or typical
a denovo mutation _____ chances of schizophrenia
increases
what are some of the physical brain changes in a schizophrenic patient?
enlarged ventricles smaller hippocampus smaller cortex temporal lobe degeneration brain volume shrinkage neurodegeneration loss of brain matter
why doesn’t a brain scan show that anatomy is the cause?
anatomical change may be due to environmental factors such as stress, drugs…not necessarily the cause
severe loss of ____ _____ matter can be shown in adolescents from 12+ years
gray matter
what is the difference in eye movements between a normal person and a person with schizophrenia?
schizophrenia have jerky non smooth pursuit compared to normal smooth pursuit following stimulus
what cognitive tasks do schizophrenics suffer from due to jerky eye movements?
disorientation
reading tasks
executive planning tasks (card sorting task into colour, shape, number)
give an example of a cognitive defect?
orientating response is attenuated
give an example of a schizophrenic cognitive bias?
over report confrontational interactions
give examples of attentional biases in schizophrenia
over attend to negative stimuli
delusions
similar to anxiety
give an example of reasoning biases in schizophrenia
jumping to conclusions
give an example of interpretational biases in schizophrenia
hearing voices
what is the idea behind double blind and paradoxical communication?
contradicting messages - verbal message may contradict the implied message therefore both become invalid
what are the family aspects of schizophrenia?
- double blind and paradoxical communication
- communication deviance
- expressed emotion
critical, harsh emotions in families with schizophrenia, blaming patients for not controlling themselves, high score of this view symptoms as controllable = what family aspect?
expressed emotion
low ____ is linked to schizophrenia
SES
what is the sociogenic hypothesis?
low SES may experience more stressors and stress happens before psychotic episodes
what is the social drift hypothesis?
those with schizophrenia have difficultly with employment and social life and drift to lower SES
does Davey state that parental SES at the time of birth is or isn’t associated with increased schizophrenic risk in the child?
not associated
what was Rosenhan (1973) experiment on schizophrenia?
ppts pretended to be schizophrenic and sent to psych wards
what are the major cognitive theories of schizophrenia?
Seligman’s attributional model
theory of mind
Seligman’s attributional model is attributions of negative events. what are the 3 dimensions to this model?
internal vs. external
global vs. specific
stable vs unstable
if negative events are interpreted as _______, _______, ________ this could lead to depression
internal
global
stable
what is the attribution style in psychosis that can lead to delusions?
EXTERNAL
global
stable
why will schizophrenic patients have difficulties with ToM tests?
ToM is distorted and exaggerated
what are the different ways to treat schizophrenia?
social skills training CBT reattribution therapy personal therapy cognitive remediation training family interventions
what are different family interventions for schizophrenia?
psychoeducation
supportive family management
applied family management
community care
