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PSY2003 > Schizophrenia 1 > Flashcards

Schizophrenia 1 Flashcards

1
Q

_% of the population are affected

A

1

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2
Q

give some of the general symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum problems

A 
bizarre delusions
inappropriate affect
hallucinations
paranoia
incoherent thought
odd behaviour
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3
Q

what are the 4 historical thought causes of schizophrenia?

A
  1. genetics
  2. environmental causes
  3. cannabis
  4. neurotransmitters (DA)
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4
Q

what is the concordance rate for identical monozygotic twins?

A

45%

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5
Q

what is the concordance rate for dizygotic twins?

A

10%

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6
Q

why must there be other factors than genes for schizophrenia?

A

because there is only a 45% concordance rate for identical twins so 55% must be due to other factors

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7
Q

what factors may cause schizophrenia?

A
  1. infections
  2. autoimmune reactions
  3. toxins
  4. trauma
  5. stress
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8
Q

what is common before a schizophrenic episode?

A

exposure to stressors

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9
Q

there is a correlation between the amount of _____ and ______ of episode

A

stress, severity

schizophrenia therefore has a strong environmental component

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10
Q

what are the main 2 drugs for schizophrenia that were discovered by luck?

A

Chlopromazine

Reserpine

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11
Q

what was chlorpromazine originally sold as?

A

an anti-histamine, surgeon noticed it calmed normal patients down when used as an anti-inflammatory

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12
Q

what drug was taken from a snake root plant and used to treat mental illness in India?

A

reserpine

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13
Q

how long do both drugs take to work?

A

2-3 weeks of medication

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14
Q

symptoms like _______ disease start to emerge when both chlorpromazine and reserpine are taken.

A

parkinson’s

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15
Q

which drug depletes vesicles so reduces the amount of dopamine that can be released?

A

reserpine

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16
Q

which drug blocks dopamine receptors so stops dopamine working?

A

chlorpromazine

17
Q

how is chlorpromazine an antagonist?

A

it stops dopamine working by binding to dopamine receptors but has no effect so blocks DA

18
Q

how does reserpine work?

A

depletes the brain of DA by bursting the vesicles so DA is returned to the cell so it can’t be released

19
Q

drugs that reduce dopamine neurotransmission ______ psychotic symptoms

A

reduce

20
Q

drugs that increase dopamine neurotransmission ______ psychotic symptoms

A

produce

21
Q

taking drugs like cocaine and amphetamines lead to psychosis because they are _______ ________ ________

A

indirect dopaminergic agonists (increase DA in synapse so block reuptake > more DA means more psychosis)

22
Q

what is the efficacy of an anti-psychotic drug correlated with?

A

its ability to bind to DA receptors

23
Q

lower potency of binding to dopamine receptors =

A

lower anti schizophrenic potency (not as effective)

24
Q

what drug was found to be a very potent anti-psychotic medication despite having a low potency of binding to DA receptors?

A

Haliperidol

25
Q

what did Haliperidol discover about DA receptors?

A

there is more than 1 type of dopamine receptor (D1 and D2)

26
Q

which receptor was found to be the one that affects potency?

A

D2

27
Q

there is a ______ correlation between the ability of typical anti-psychotics to bind to D2 receptors and their clinical potency

A

positive

28
Q

what is adenlyate cyclase?

A

enzyme that helps send messages inside the cell

29
Q

are D1 and D2 positively or negatively coupled to adenlyate cyclase?

A 
D1 = +ly coupled
D2 = -ly coupled
30
Q

what other receptor is similar to D1?

A

D5

31
Q

what other receptors are similar to D2?

A

D3, D4

32
Q

give an example of an atypical antipsychotic that binds to D4 receptor?

A

clozapine

33
Q

drugs that are effective anti-psychotics work on the ___ system

A

dopamine

34
Q

which 2 receptors work best on anti-psychosis?

A

D2 (typical)

D4 (atypical)

35
Q

what is IBZM?

A

a radioactive chemical to measure dopamine receptors by measuring receptor density using a PET scan

PSY2003 (8 decks)

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