Schizophrenia Flashcards
What is the DSM classification for Sz?
Requires at least 1 positive symptom
A- two or more symptoms present for significant amount of tie during a 1 month period
B- reduction in one or more areas of functioning
C- disturbance continued for at least 6 months, at least one month of active symptoms
Describe type 1 schizophrenia
Behavioural excess
Hallucinations- unusual sensory experiences, 70%
Delusions; grandeur, persecution
Describe type 2 schizophrenia
Behavioural deficit
Speech poverty (alogia), decrease in fluency. Produce fewer words- difficulty spontaneously producing words
Abolition- reduction of interest and desires, inability to initiate and persist in goal-directed behaviour, reduction in self-initiated involvement in activities.
Describe reliability in diagnosis and classification of Sz
The consistency in the diagnosis
Agreement between diagnosis by different psychiatrists across time/cultures ie. Inter-rater reliability
Whether diagnostic tests are consistent in different occasions ie. Test retest reliability
Evaluate reliability in the diagnosis and classification of sz
Lack of reliability
Cheniaux(2009)- two psychiatrists, 100 patients, DSM and ICD. One diagnosed 26, other 13
TF failed to produce consistent results
H
Improved
Osorio(2019) DSM-5, pairs of interviewers achieved IRR-97 TRTR 92. Reliability bettered.
even if classifications different, still provide a common language.
Describe co-morbidity
An issue for the reliability of the diagnosis
Presence of one or more additional disorders or diseases simultaneously occurring with Sz.
Eg, also suffer substance abuse and 15% anxiety, 50% depression.
Evaluate co-morbidity
Evidence
Buckley(2009)
50% also depressed or substance abuse
Self-medicating
Makes reliable diagnosis difficult,
Lower levels of functioning, increased hospitalisations
Demonstrates complexities. Sufferers using drugs may find it difficult to get a diagnosis
