Schizophrenia Flashcards
Define schizophrenia
Hallucinations and/ or delusions qualitatively different from normal experiences
What are some risk factors for schizophrenia?
Males, working class, inner city, cannabis, low IQ and genetic risk
What are Schneider’s 1st rank symptoms?
Auditory hallucinations, thought disorders, passivity phenomena and delusional perceptions
What are some positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
Auditory hallucinations, broadcasting of thoughts, control issues, delusional perceptions, cotard delusions and word salad
What is a cotard delusion?
Belief by a patient that they are dead
What is broadcasting of thoughts?
Belief that thoughts are being heard by others and thought echo
What is word salad?
Speech contains random words and phrases that is confused and lacks meaning
What is thought blocking?
Involuntary silence in the middle of speech and then changing to another topic
What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Loss of usual abilities and experiences, socially appropriate behaviour and social withdrawal
What is avolition?
Loss of motivation to carry out goal-related activities
What is alogia?
Speech poverty - reduced fluency and quality with delayed responses
What is affective blunting?
Decreased ability to express facial expressions and emotion
What are secondary symptoms?
Symptoms that occur as a result of other symptoms such as unemployment, loss of social relationships and depression
Give an example of the most common typical first generation antipsychotic
Haloperidol
What are the common side effects of typical 1st gen antipsychotics?
Extrapyramidal side effects
What is tardive dyskinesia?
Repetitive movements of the face such as lip smacking and excessive blinking
Name the most common atypical second generation antipsychotic?
Risperidone
Which atypical second generation antipsychotic has the fewest side effects?
Apiprazole
What side effect is more common with 2nd generation antipsychotics?
Weight gain
What is a serious side effect of Clozapine?
Agranulocytosis
When is Clozapine indicated?
When patients have not responded to 2 other antipsychotics
What threshold is reduced in Clozapine treatment?
Seizures are more likely
What blood test is elevated in neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
Creatinine kinase
What is FEVER for neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
Fever over 38
Encephalopathy
Vital signs - tachycardia and labile BP
Enzymes - raised CK
Rigidity
