Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroscience and Psychiatric Disease > Schizophrenia > Flashcards

Schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

WHat is schizophrenia classified as?

A

A psychotic disorder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Prevalence of Schizophrenia?

A

1 in 100.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who is the most important scientist for schizophrenia?

A

Emil Kraeplin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What did Emil Kraeplin call it?

A

Dementia Praecox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Who replaced the old name?

A

Eugen Bleuler.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are positive symptoms?

A

Positive symptoms are normal things but are extremely higher.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are negative symptoms?

A

Negative symptoms are normal things that are loss.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are cognitive symptoms?

A

Cognitive symptoms are symptoms that are characterized by erratic changes in speech, motor behavior, and emotions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some positive symptoms?

A
  1. Delusions
  2. Hallucinations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the negative symptoms?

A
  1. Apathy (inability to perform basic tasks)
  2. Autism (keep to oneself, lose interest in others)
  3. Ambivalence (emotional and social withdrawal)
  4. Ahedonia (without pleasure)
  5. Affective Flattening (absence of visible emotions)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are cognitive symptoms?

A
  1. Disorganized speech (word salad)
  2. Inappropriate affect (inappropriate emotions in a situation)
  3. Disorganized behavior (motor symptoms: catatonic immobility)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

DSM-5 Diagnostic criteria

A
  1. Long-lasting
  2. Diminished level of function
  3. Not due to drugs or other medical conditions
  4. At least one of delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the prodromal stage?

A

1-2 years earlier.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Prognosis of schizophrenia?

A

78% of people go through relapse and recovery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the etiology of schizophrenia?

A

There is a genetic link to schizophrenia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the perinatal factors?

A
  1. Fetal exposure to influenza or other viruses
  2. Prenatal nutrition/stress
  3. Complications in pregnancy/delivery
17
Q

What is the difference in brain structure?

A
  1. Schizophrenia patients show enlarged lateral ventricles. (Cause or consequence unknown)
  2. Decrease brain mass (maybe because of cell density loss?)
18
Q

What do post-mortem brains from schizophrenia patients show?

A
  1. Reduced dendritic spine density in schizophrenia patient
  2. Reduced synaptic contact in the prefrontal cortex
19
Q

What about the hippocampus?

A
  1. Reduction of hippocampus size due to degradation over time.
  2. Hippocampus neurons are disorganized and have reduced cell volume.
20
Q

What is the main drug for treating schizophrenia?

A

Chlorpromazine,

21
Q

What is unique about the drugs?

A

They reduce psychotic symptoms without producing too much general sedation.

22
Q

What is the mechanism of action of first-generation drugs?

A

D2 receptor blocker/antagonist to dopamine receptors/stop dopamine to enter neuron.

23
Q

What is the first gen theory of schizophrenia?

A

Too much dopamine.

24
Q

What is schizophrenia caused by?

A

Prenatal problems that later in development get disrupted/alter hippocampus development.

25
Q

What are positive symptoms caused by?

A

Excessive stimulation of dopamine D2 receptors in the striatum.

26
Q

What relieves positive symptoms?

A

Blocking dopamine D2 receptors in the striatum with drugs like chlorpromazine.

27
Q

What part of brain is the most important for schizophrenia?

A

Dopamine D2 receptors are found in several places, but it seems that the striatum is the most important for schizophrenia.

28
Q

Which imaging technique can see the D2 receptors?

A

PET scans (Positron Emission Tomography)

29
Q

What can mimic psychosis?

A

Use of cocaine or amphetamines.

30
Q

What about the D1 receptors?

A

Schizophrenia may also involve under-stimulation of dopamine D1 receptors in the prefrontal cortex.

31
Q

What is the D1 receptor problem called?

A

Hypofrontality

32
Q

What does hypofrontality cause?

A

Struggle with planning, problem-solving, and high-level reasoning.

33
Q

What is hypofrontality?

A

Hypofrontality too little activation in the prefrontal cortex.

34
Q

How does stopping drugs affect schizophrenia?

A

It destroys stability.

Neuroscience and Psychiatric Disease (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions