Bipolar Flashcards
What is a manic episode?
Mood in a manic episode often described as euphoric, excessively cheerful, high or “feeling on top of the word”.
What are the diagnostic criteria for Bipolar I?
- A manic episode
- A major depressive episode
What are the diagnostic criteria for Bipolar II?
- A hypomanic episode
- A major depressive episode
The 12-month prevalence?
0.3 for B1 and 0.6 for B2
Can you give antidepressants to BD patients?
No. May provoke manic episodes.
What is a drug that treats bipolar?
Lithium.
What are the three theories of BD?
- Dopamine theory
- BDNF
- Mitochondrial theory
What is the dopamine theory of BD?
Elevated D2/3 receptor availability -> Increased dopamine signaling -> Compensatory increase in dopamine transporter levels -> Decreased dopamine signal (LOOP)
What is the BDNF theory?
Evidence that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF; a measure of the plasticity of the nervous system) is decreased among patients with BPD.
What is the mitochondrial theory?
In BPD a wealth of evidence suggests defective mitochondrial metabolism, morphology, and function may contribute to oxidative stress and inflammation
and may also lead to cell death (apoptosis).