Bipolar Flashcards

1
Q

What is a manic episode?

A

Mood in a manic episode often described as euphoric, excessively cheerful, high or “feeling on top of the word”.

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2
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria for Bipolar I?

A
  1. A manic episode
  2. A major depressive episode
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3
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria for Bipolar II?

A
  1. A hypomanic episode
  2. A major depressive episode
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4
Q

The 12-month prevalence?

A

0.3 for B1 and 0.6 for B2

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5
Q

Can you give antidepressants to BD patients?

A

No. May provoke manic episodes.

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6
Q

What is a drug that treats bipolar?

A

Lithium.

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7
Q

What are the three theories of BD?

A
  1. Dopamine theory
  2. BDNF
  3. Mitochondrial theory
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8
Q

What is the dopamine theory of BD?

A

Elevated D2/3 receptor availability -> Increased dopamine signaling -> Compensatory increase in dopamine transporter levels -> Decreased dopamine signal (LOOP)

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9
Q

What is the BDNF theory?

A

Evidence that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF; a measure of the plasticity of the nervous system) is decreased among patients with BPD.

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10
Q

What is the mitochondrial theory?

A

In BPD a wealth of evidence suggests defective mitochondrial metabolism, morphology, and function may contribute to oxidative stress and inflammation
and may also lead to cell death (apoptosis).

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