Schizophrenia Flashcards
What two models do we diagnose schizophrenia with?
ICD-10
DSM-5
To be diagnosed with Schizophrenia with ICD-10, what do you need to have?
You need to have two or more negative symptoms and only one positive symptom is needed if the delusions are bizarre
To be diagnosed with schizophrenia with DSM-5, what do you need to have?
Only one of the so-called positive symptoms
What are positive symptoms?
Any change in behaviour or thoughts
‘Add to thoughts’
What are negative symptoms?
Normal functions are limited
‘Take away from regular abilities’
What are the Positive Symptoms?
Delusions of grandeur
Delusions of persecution
Hallucinations
Echolalia
What are delusions of grandeur?
False, sustained belief of importance or superiority
What are delusions of persecution?
False sustained belief that others are trying to inflict suffering
What are hallucinations?
A perception of things that are not present
What is Echolalia?
Pathological repetition of the words of others
What are the negative symptoms?
Avolition
Anhedonia
Asociality
Blunted Effect
What is avolition?
Lack of drive and motivation
What is anhedonia?
Loss of enjoyment of activities that were previously pleasant
What is asociality?
Social withdrawal
What is the Blunted Effect?
Lack of emotional response
What are two evaluation points to do with Gender Bias?
Longenecker- found that men had a higher diagnosis rate than women
Cotten et al- found that female patients tend to function better than males due to the fact that they have a better family and work life
What is two evaluation points for culture Bias?
Escobar- pointed out that doctors who were white are much more likely to over interpret the symptoms of black people
Harrison et al- found that the diagnosis of schizophrenia was 8x higher for Afro Carribeans grouos for white people
What is Psychological Explanation of Schizophrenia to do with?
Family Dysfunction
What are the three main theories within the psychological explanations of schizophrenia?
Schizophrenogenic Mother
Double bind theory
Expressed Emotion Theory
What is the Schizophrenogenic Mother theory?
Where the mother tends to create a family climate characterised by secrecy and tension. This leads to distrust and develops into paranoid schizophrenia
What is the double bind theory?
Where the child finds themselves trapped in the fear of doing the wrong thing. The child is punished by withdrawal of love and leaves them with an understanding of the world as dangerous and confusing
What is expressed emotion theory?
To do with the level of emotion I aortic your negative emotion. The high source of stress for the patient may make them relapse
What is the cognitive explanation for schizophrenia?
Dysfunctional thought processing
What is dysfunctional thought processing?
A general term meaning information processing is not functioning normally and produces undesirable consequences
What do cognitive explanations focus on?
Mental processing
What did Christopher firth Identify?
Identifies two kinds of ‘dysfunctional through processing, that could underline some symptoms
What are the two kinds of dysfunctional thought processing that Christopher firth found?
Lack of central Control
Meta Representation
What is Lack of central control?
Central control is the cognitive ability to suppress automatic responses whilst we perform deliberate ones instead. Disorganised speech and thought disorder may result from the inability to suppress automatic thoughts. Schizophrenia sufferers are subject to derail et of thought and broken sentences
What is Meta representation?
It is the ability to reflect on our own thoughts and behaviour. It gives us insight into own goal ps and allows us to interpret others actions.
Dysfunction in meta representation, disrupts our ability to recognise our own actions and thoughts as our own. This can explain hallucinations and thought insertion in schizophrenics
