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Brain & Behavior 2 > Schizo, affective disorders and anxiety disorders > Flashcards

Schizo, affective disorders and anxiety disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Please define between major affective disorders, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder: A serious mood disorder characterized by disordered feelings includes unipolar and bipolar disorder.

A

MAD

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2
Q

Please define between major affective disorders, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder: A serious mood disorder characterized by cyclical periods of mania and depression (often severe, disabling and treatment-resistant)

A

Bipolar disorder

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3
Q

Please define between major affective disorders, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder: A serious mood disorder that consists of unremitting depression of periods of depression.

A

Major depressive disorder

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4
Q

What is a mental illness marked by periods of great excitement or euphoria, delusions and overactivity?

A

Mania

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5
Q

What is a mood or emotional state that is marked by feelings of low self-worth or guilt and a reduced ability to enjoy life?

A

Depression

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6
Q

Please state the % of depression for men and women.

A

Men 3%

Women 7%

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7
Q

What is the heritability MAD concordance rate for monozygotic and dizygotic twins?

A

Monozygotic: 69%
Dizygotic: 13%

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8
Q

What does MAO (treatment) do as a MAD treatment?

A

Inhibit the reuptake of dopamine, serotonin or norepinephrine

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9
Q

What is the treatment that is most effective for treating manics for bipolar disorder?

A

Lithium

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10
Q

Besides MAO what is another MAD treatment?

A

ECT: paralyze muscle to prevent injury. Trigger seizure. Snaps a person out of depression. ECT decreases brain activity and raises the seizure threshold.

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11
Q

Besides MAO and ECT, what is another MAD treatment?

A

TMS:

  • Reduces symptoms of depression
  • The magnetic field induces electric current in the brain
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12
Q

Besides MAO, ECT, and TMS what is another MAD treatment?

A

Deep brain stimulation:

  • Electrodes below the medial prefrontal cortex
  • Sends electrical impulses to interrupt faulty brain circuits thought to be causing disorder
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13
Q

Describe the MAD cause: monoamine hypothesis.

A
  • Depression is caused by a low level of activity of one or more monoaminergic synapses
  • In healthy people with no family history of depression, drops of serotonin have no effects
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14
Q

What is the role of the frontal cortex? (Cause)

A
  • SACC serves as focal point in a network of brain regions

- Prefrontal cortex modulates amygdala

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15
Q

What is the role of neurogenesis (cause) and where does it occur?

A
  • In hippocampus
  • Inhibited in depression but increased with successful treatment
  • Do not know if the link is coincidental
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16
Q

What is the role of circadian rhythms (cause)?

A
  • Disordered sleep

- Shallow sleep mostly in stage 1 and REM happens earlier

17
Q

What are 3 solutions for disordered sleep?

A
  1. REM sleep deprivation
  2. SWS deprivation
  3. Sleep deprivation
18
Q

What is an anxiety disorder?

A

A psychological disorder characterized by tension, overactivity of the autonomic nervous system, the expectation of an impending disaster, and continuous vigilance for danger

19
Q

What is the prevalence of anxiety disorders?

A

28%

20
Q

Define. Shortness of breath, sweaty, irregular heartbeat, dizziness, faintness, feeling of unreality-often feel like they are going to die.

A

Panic attack

21
Q

What is the prevalence for panic disorder?

A

3-5%

22
Q

What is generalized anxiety disorder?

A

A disorder characterized by excessive anxiety and worry serious enough to cause disruption to life

23
Q

What is the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder?

A

3%

Women to men 2:1

24
Q

What is social anxiety disorder?

A

A disorder characterized by excessive fear of being exposed to the scrutiny of other people that leads to avoidance of social situations in which the person is called on to perform

25
Q

What is the prevalence of social anxiety disorder?

A

5%
Women to men
1:1

26
Q

What disorder is characterized by excessive anxiety and worry serious enough to cause disruption of life and it’s prevalence?

A

Generalized and social anxiety disorder

Prevalence: 3% women to men 2:1

27
Q

What is the cause of an anxiety disorder?

A
  • Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which regulates neuronal survival
  • Imaging indicates activation of the amygdala and less of the prefrontal cortex
28
Q

What does the allele of BDNF gene do?

A

Impairs extinction of conditioned fear memory

29
Q

What is anxiety disorder treatment?

A

BZ and serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Brain & Behavior 2 (5 decks)

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