Schizo Flashcards
Define schizophrenia
a psychosis characterized by abnormalities in perception, content of thought, and thought process and extensive withdrawal from interests and outside world.
What is psychosis?
a state in which individual is experiencing hallucinations, delusion, or disorganized thoughts
What is the etiology of schizophrenia
genetics, environmental, brain chemistry, and substance use
What is the vulnerability stress model?
explains the course of one becoming schizophrenic.
combines the biologic and environmental risk factors for schizophrenia.
What are some comorbidities for those with schizophrenia?
SUD, nicotine, anxiety, depression, anxiety, diabetes, CVD, obesity, malignant neoplasm(when cancer is present), HIV/AID, osteoporosis, and Hep C
What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
hallucinations, delusions, disorganized behaviors, disorganized speech
When something is added to a person
What are different kinds of hallucenations?
visual, auditory, command, olfactory, tactile, and gustatory
If someone is having command hallucenations, what should you ask them?
-Are you hearing a voice that is telling you to do
something?
* Do you plan to follow the command?
* Do you believe the voices are real?
What are treatments for hallucenations?
do NOT negate their experience
- ask them about their experience
-watch for hallucination intensifying
- focus on reality based activities
-teach stress management
What are different types of delusions?
-Grandiose
-Nihilist- thinks some is dead or disaster is coming
-persecutory- being watched or plotting against them
-somatic- abnormal body functions or structure
-Religious
-Referential- thinks TV, music, articles, etc is about them
What are different kinds of disorganized thoughts? and give an example
Thought Blocking
Thought Broadcast
Thought Withdrawal
Thought Insertion
Paranoia
List and Explain the different kinds of disorganized speech
-Circumstantiality: takes forever but will eventually get to the point
-Tangentiality: takes forever but never gets to the point
-Loose Association: almost connects but doesn’t
-Flight of Ideas: constantly changing the topic
-Echolalia: repeating what someone says
-Clang Association: repetition of words that rhyme
-Stilted Language: making up a language
-Pressured Speech: talks VERY fast
-Word Salad: stringing words together that make no sense
-Neologism: made up words (delulu)
-Paranoia: suspicious
-Illogicality: making conclusions that don’t follow logic
List and explain Disorganized Behaviors
-Aggression: reflect rage
-Agitation: restless and unable to sit still
-Catatonic Excitement: purposeless activity and abnormal movements
-Echopraxia: involuntary mimicing of someone else
-Regressed: childlike
-Stereotype: repetitive movements such as head banging or slapping
Hypervigilance: waiting for something to happen
Waxy Flexibility: weird posture
What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
symptoms that should be there but are not
What are examples cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia?
-concrete thinking
- impaired memory
-impaired information procession
-impaired executive functioning
What are some examples of negative symptoms
affective flattening
ambivalence: can’t make a deision
Alogia: unable to elaborate
Avolition: unable to complete projects
Anhedonia
Associality: decreased desire for social
What are the phases of schizophrenia
- prodromal
- acute
- stabilization
- maintenance or residual
5.relapse
Describe the prodromal stage?
mild changes in thinking, unable to meet DSM-5 criteria for diagnosis. Speech or thoughts may be off and compulsive behaviors may be presnt. may begin to effect work and school
can last for a month up to a year
Describe the acute stage?
symptoms may vary from mild to disabling. increased support or hospitalization may be needed. As symptoms worsen the patient may have difficulty coping
Describe the stabilization phase
the symptoms begins to stabilize and diminish
Describe the maintenance or residual phase
the condition has stabilized and a new baseline is established. Positive symptoms are usually absent by negative symptoms may continue
Describe the relapse phase
relapse occurs in 80-90% of those with schizophrenia and can occur at any time. With each relapse it takes longer to recover.
the major cause is medication nonadherence
What are treatments for schizophrenia?
-medication
-psychotherapy
-social and academic training
-hospitalization
What are aintpsychotics used for
schizo and BP
What symptoms do antipsychotics target?
-disorganized thoughts
-affect
delusions
-hallucinations
-catatonia
What is Anodognosia?
inability to realize they are ill which may result in resistance to treatment
What is schizoaffective disorder?
characterized by symptoms of schizophrenia (e.g. hallucinations and delusions) and mood disorders (e.g. mania and depression)
What are the 2 ttypes of schizoaffective disorder
- bipolar type
-depressive type
What are treatments for schizoaffective disorder?
-medications
-CBT
-group therapy
what are typical anitpsychotics?
chlorpromazine, halperidol, fluphenazine, thioridazine, perphenazine
what are s/e of antipsychotics?
anticholinergic, sedation, EPS, low BP, seizure, photosensitivity, GI upset, EKG changes, endocrince changes, agranulocytosis, neromalignant syndrome, and tardive dyskinesia
What is extrapyramidal symtoms?
pseudoparkinism, akathisia, acute dystonia (head tilt), tardive dyskenia (tongue and eye)
what is akathasia?
pacing
what is tardive dyskinesia?
irreversible involuntary movement disorder, usually in the face but can be anywhere. disappear during sleep
What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
potentially fatal
fever (103-105) with diaphoresis, muscle rigidity, hyoptensive, tachypnea, tachycardia, and mental status change
STOP ANTIPSYCHOTIC
What are treatments for tardive dyskinesia
assessing for it (PREVENTION), through AIMS assessment. may discontinue AP meds
clozapine has been shown to reduce symptoms
What are the atypical antipsychiotics?
clozapine, olanzapine, quentiapine, respiridone, ziprasidone, respiradol consta
What is acute dystonia?
spasms of head, body and face
What are third generation antipsychotics?
aripriazole, brexpiprazole, cariprazine
Who takes clozaril?
those who have refractory schizophrenia or those with schizophrenia but can’t use other med.
very dangerous due to angrulocytosis
what affects how antispcychotics work?
caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, and sugar
