Schistosomiasis and tapeworms

Question 1

Flukes

Answer 1

-schistosomiasis = Bilharzia
-Egg (faeces or urine)–>miracidium (water)–>sporocyst (snail)–>cercaria(e)–> schistosomulum (skin)–>adult (veins of intestine or bladder)
SNAILS
gynecophoral canal

Question 2

Tapeworms

Answer 2

-hydatid disease

Question 3

Schistosoma mansoni egg in liver

Answer 3

Eggs and granuloma–>Portal vein hypertension–>rupture–> death

Question 4

urogenital schistosomiasis (Schistosoma haemotobium)

Answer 4

Extensive granulomata lead to blood-vessel friability and inflammation, plus changes in vaginal mucus, resulting in increased susceptibility to HIV infection.

Question 5

Controlling schistosomiasis

Answer 5

• control intermediate hosts
• praziquantel drug
• natural resistance (IgE antibody- Th2)

Question 6

Hydatid disease (Cystic echinocccosis (CE),)

Answer 6

Echinococcus granulosus

• dogs (definitive host) and sheep, cattle, goats, and pigs (intermediate hosts)
• harmful, slowly enlarging cysts in organs (liver lungs etc)

Question 7

Alveolar echinococcosis AE caused by larval stage of (Echinococcus multilocularis )

Answer 7

• dogs definitive hosts
• rodents=intermediate
• causing parasitic tumors that can form in the liver, lungs, brain, and other organs. If left untreated, AE can be fatal.

Question 8

Echinococcus granulosus

Answer 8

• hermaphrodite
• brood capsule
• scolex (head)
• Proglottids (segment)