schimbarea semantica Flashcards

1
Q

ce este metafora?

A

operatie cognitiva care proiecteaza un domeniu conceptual asupra altuia

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2
Q

ce este metonimia?

A

rezultatul unei proiectii intre doua categorii diferite care fac parte din acelasi domeniu

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3
Q

ce este elipsa?

A

omiterea unei parti a unei expresii
complexe

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4
Q

mus “soarece” -> musculus (diminutiv)

A

folosit metaforic pentru biceps
a dat in lb romanice:
muscle, muschi

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5
Q

Costa Rica: ratón=

A

=biceps

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6
Q

ce este sinestezia?

A

asociatie intre senzatii de natura diferita care dau impresia ca sunt una simbolul celeilalte

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7
Q

corpul omenesc ca centru de expansiune (plamanii orasului) si de atractie metaforica:

A

rostrum (cioc, bot) > sp. rostro, ptg. rostro (față) > a rosti, pe de rost

ungula (copita, ghiara)> unghie, ongle, it. unghia

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8
Q

activitate fizica-> mentala (metafora)

A

comprehendere (a cuprinde intr un tot) > “a cuprinde cu mintea” fr comprendre

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9
Q

exemple de sinestezie

A

acer (ascutit) > acru
nitidus (luisant; lucios) > neted
recens (recent) > rece

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10
Q

exemple de etimologie populara

A

sanatoria (lat) > sunatoare (rom)
Rubarbensaft > barba Saftei

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11
Q

exemple de extindere semantica, generalizare

A

PASSER (vrabie) > pasare

PANARIUM (cos de paine) > panier fr (cos simplu)

ADRIPARE (a acosta) > it arrivare; fr arriver

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12
Q

exemple de restrangere semantica

A

VIVENDA (cele necesare traiului) > viande (fr); vienda (locuinta in ptg)

TEMPESTAS (vreme) > fr tempête (furtuna)

MACHINARI (masinarie, dispozitiv) > a macina

NECARE (a omori) > a ineca, noyer, sp/ptg anegar

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13
Q

exemple de similitudine cotaxinomixa

A

sorex (mus) > soarece, it sorcio, souris

pacare > rom a impaca> fr payer, it pagare, sp/ptg pagar

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14
Q

metonimia, contiguitatea conceptuala

A

bucca> it bocca, bouche, sp/ptg/cat boca;
gula> gura
narcies (nari) > nas, nara
coxa (sold) > coapsa

brevis (care are extensie mica) > care dureaza putin
viglia (noapte de veghe) > veille, ajun
mane (dimineata)> maine, demain
nepos (nepot de bunic)> nepot de unchi
ignis> focus
tabula (scandura)> masa
reus (acuzat)> rau

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15
Q

metonimia, contiguitatea sintagmatica

A

plicare > fr plier, rom a pleca (capul)

plicare tentoria > rom a pleca

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16
Q

elipsa exemple

A

frater germanus > sp hermano

consobrinus verus > rom var

via strata> it strada

nux abellana> rom aluna, fr aveline

Juno Moneta> moneda; fr monnaie; sp moneda

17
Q

sensuri partial diferite in limbile romanice

A

carnis > carne (rom); chair fr
piscis> pez (sp) =/ peste, poisson fr
porta> fr porte =/poarta rom

18
Q

sensuri total diferite in lb romanice

A

anima (suflet)> rom inima

apprehendere (a cuprinde cu mintea, a cunoaste) > it apprendere, fr apprendre =/ rom a aprinde

insignare> rom a insemna =/ enseigner fr

19
Q

termeni care s au pastrat in latina din lb osco-umbriene

A

bas
caseus

20
Q

termeni din lb etrusce

A

fenestra

21
Q

termeni grecesti

A

poena, argilla

22
Q

termeni mediteraneeni

A

ficus, vinum, fungus, asinus

23
Q

termeni celtici

A

camisia, carrum, camminus, caballus, cattus

24
Q

modificari de sens ale cuvintelor imprumutate

A

blajin (multumit>bland)

datina (mostenire>obicei)

bazaconie (nedreptate>ciudatenie)

bezna (prapastie>obscuritate)

25
Q

specificul imprumuturilor slave vechi

A

baba, basm, drob, bolovan, crac, smirna, plete, a plamadi, a dospi, a rodi, a cobi, stirb, scund, treaz, harnic

26
Q

Cuvinte slave care corespund unor termeni moşteniţi sau împrumuturi latineşti în celelalte limbi romanice

A

răni-blesser
sarac-pauvre
prag-seuil
gat-cou-cuello (sp)
bezna-ténèbres
ispită − tentation − tentación