Schemas & Cognitive Neuroscience (approaches | The Cognitive Approach)

Question 1

Schemas are

Answer 1

shortcuts

Question 2

Schemas are shortcuts which: facilitate

Answer 2

the speedy processing of information

Question 3

Schemas are shortcuts which: stop the mind from becoming

Answer 3

overwhelmed by environmental stimulation

Question 4

Schemas allow people to

Answer 4

predict what may happen and are based on previous experience

Question 5

Schemas allow people to predict what may happen and are based on previous experience e.g.

Answer 5

‘I’ve been on a beach holiday before so I know to pack lots of SPF’

Question 6

Schemas act as a

Answer 6

mental framework for the interpretation of incoming information

Question 7

Schemas act as a mental framework for the interpretation of incoming information e.g.

Answer 7

‘I can see lots of car brake lights on which means I’m in for a long wait in a traffic jam’

Question 8

Schemas are unique to

Answer 8

the individual but many schemas will be shared

Question 9

Schemas are unique to the individual but many schemas will be shared e.g.

Answer 9

Everyone has a ‘cat’ schema but only specific person will have a specific ‘my pet cat called Fluffy’ schema

Question 10

Schemas may be

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simple and concrete (e.g. a cat schema) or complex and abstract (e.g. a ‘freedom’ schema)

Question 11

As people get older their schemas become

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more multi-layered and sophisticated

Question 12

Babies are born with

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simple motor schemas for innate behaviours e.g. sucking

Question 13

Culture affects schemas as it

Answer 13

shapes experiences

Question 14

Cognitive neuroscience (CN) investigates

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the relationship/interaction between cognition and neural mechanisms, brain chemistry and brain structure

Question 15

The origins of CN lie in the mid-19th century with the discovery that

Answer 15

Broca’s area (part of the frontal lobe) is linked to speech production

Question 16

New technology e.g.

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fMRI and PET allow researchers to explain the neurological basis of mental processes

Question 17

New technology e.g. fMRI and PET allow researchers to explain the neurological basis of mental processes for example:
Maguire et al. (2000) found

Answer 17

increased volume of grey matter in the posterior hippocampi of London taxi drivers using MRI technology

Question 18

New technology e.g. fMRI and PET allow researchers to explain the neurological basis of mental processes for example:
Maguire et al. (2000), thus

Answer 18

this part of the brain is localised to spatial navigation

Question 19

New technology e.g. fMRI and PET allow researchers to explain the neurological basis of mental processes for example: Raine et al. (1997) found via PET scans that

Answer 19

impulsive murderers under-utilise their pre-frontal cortex when making decisions

Question 20

New technology e.g. fMRI and PET allow researchers to explain the neurological basis of mental processes for example: Raine et al. (1997), this finding may explain

Answer 20

the nature of their unpremeditated crimes

Question 21

Recently the expanded focus of CN has included the use of

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computer-generated models, which, in effect, ‘read’ the brain, leading to mind mapping techniques (brain ‘fingerprinting’)

Question 22

In healthcare, computer models and mind mapping can be used

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diagnostically and during surgery