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as psychology (sme) > Assumptions & Theoretical Models (approaches | The Cognitive Approach) > Flashcards

Assumptions & Theoretical Models (approaches | The Cognitive Approach) Flashcards

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1
Q

The Cognitive Approach involves the study of

A

internal mental processes (IMP), e.g.

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2
Q

The Cognitive Approach involves the study of internal mental processes (IMP), e.g.

A
  • memory
  • thinking
  • attention
  • perception
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3
Q

The above processes are internal as psychologists know they are happening but they cannot be

A

directly observed in the same way that biological processes (e.g. brain structures) can for example

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4
Q

To investigate IMP researchers must

A

run research and make inferences from their findings

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5
Q

To investigate IMP researchers must run research and make inferences from their findings e.g.
- Peterson & Peterson (1959) inferred that

A

short-term memory has a duration of around 18 seconds but they could not prove this

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6
Q

To investigate IMP researchers must run research and make inferences from their findings e.g.
- Beck’s cognitive triad infers that

A

depression is based on dysfunctional thought processes but there is no absolute proof of this

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7
Q

Cognitive psychologists use

A

theoretical and computer models to understand IMP

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8
Q

Models are used to provide

A

testable theories about mental processes

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9
Q

Cognitive psychologists use

A

scientific methodology to investigate IMP (if a theory is testable it means it is scientific)

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10
Q

Theoretical models are

A

diagrammatic representations of IMP; they work in a similar way to flow charts used in computer programming

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11
Q

One theoretical model is

A

the Multi-Store Model of Memory (MSM)

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12
Q

The MSM is a

A

linear model outlining the stages involved in memory

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13
Q

The MSM demonstrates the

A

flow of information systematically

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14
Q

The MSM demonstrates the flow of information systematically as

A

input-storage-retrieval

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15
Q

It is possible to test the MSM using

A

lab experiments e.g. Glanzer & Cunitz (1966)

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16
Q

The MSM is an example of the information-processing approach: information flows

A

through the cognitive system in stages

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17
Q

The MSM is an example of the information-processing approach: The information is

A

transformed

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18
Q

The MSM is an example of the information-processing approach: The information is transformed e.g.

A

sensory information (e.g. sound, touch) enters memory via the sensory register

19
Q

The MSM is an example of the information-processing approach: Information that has been

A

paid attention to is transferred to short-term memory

20
Q

The MSM is an example of the information-processing approach: If information is

A

rehearsed, it will transfer to long-term memory

21
Q

The MSM is an example of the information-processing approach: Any information which

A

is not rehearsed is displaced (forgotten)

22
Q

Information processing in the mind is viewed as being similar to that of

A

a computer (the ‘computer analogy’)

23
Q

Information processing in the mind is viewed as being similar to that of a computer (the ‘computer analogy’)

A
  • encoding/coding
  • storage
  • output
24
Q

Information processing in the mind is viewed as being similar to that of a computer: encoding/coding, computers use

A

alphanumeric codes to complete specific actions

25
Q

Information processing in the mind is viewed as being similar to that of a computer: encoding/coding, the mind

A

interprets environmental stimuli e.g. the sound of a train passing, the texture of a velvet jacket

26
Q

Information processing in the mind is viewed as being similar to that of a computer: storage, computers

A

store data on a hard drive

27
Q

Information processing in the mind is viewed as being similar to that of a computer: storage, the mind’s equivalent of a hard drive is

A

long-term memory

28
Q

Information processing in the mind is viewed as being similar to that of a computer: output, a computer’s output includes

A

text, music, images, video

29
Q

Information processing in the mind is viewed as being similar to that of a computer: output, the mind’s output includes

A

speech, behavioural responses, thoughts

30
Q

Computer models are the basis for

A

the development of artificial intelligence

31
Q

Computational modelling has in turn highlighted how

A

the brain carries out a range of functions e.g. anticipating a reward, planning and problem-solving

32
Q

Evaluation of assumptions & theoretical models
Strengths
- The cognitive approach has

A

good application

33
Q

Evaluation of assumptions & theoretical models
Strengths
- The cognitive approach has good application e.g, it has contributed significantly to

A

the development of AI due to its use of theoretical and computer models

34
Q

Evaluation of assumptions & theoretical models
Strengths
- The cognitive approach has good application e.g, this is a strength as it

A

highlights the usefulness of the theory

35
Q

Evaluation of assumptions & theoretical models
Strengths
- In comparison to some of the other approaches the cognitive approach has

A

a degree of flexibility

36
Q

Evaluation of assumptions & theoretical models
Strengths
- In comparison to some of the other approaches the cognitive approach has a degree of flexibility, it is an example of

A

soft determinism compared to the hard determinism of the behaviourist approach

37
Q

Evaluation of assumptions & theoretical models
Strengths
- In comparison to some of the other approaches the cognitive approach has a degree of flexibility, this means that the cognitive approach

A

does not take a completely rigid view of human behaviour; it acknowledges the existence of free will

38
Q

Evaluation of assumptions & theoretical models
Limitations
- The study of IMP is an example of

A

machine reductionism

39
Q

Evaluation of assumptions & theoretical models
Limitations
- The study of IMP is an example of machine reductionism, it is overly

A

contrived e.g. attempting to make direct comparisons between a computer and the human mind seems artificial and forced

40
Q

Evaluation of assumptions & theoretical models
Limitations
- The study of IMP is an example of machine reductionism, human cognition is often

A

unpredictable, multi-faceted and emotional; a computer is not designed in such a way

41
Q

Evaluation of assumptions & theoretical models
Limitations
- The study of IMP is an example of machine reductionism, this means that the computer analogy has only

A

limited application to cognition

42
Q

Evaluation of assumptions & theoretical models
Limitations
- IMP can only be

A

inferred

43
Q

Evaluation of assumptions & theoretical models
Limitations
- IMP can only be inferred, this means that the cognitive approach to explaining behaviour is

A

overly abstract and detached from real-life

44
Q

Evaluation of assumptions & theoretical models
Limitations
- IMP can only be inferred, thus it lacks

A

external validity

as psychology (sme) (7 decks)

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