schema theory Flashcards
what is a schema
the LTM is not big enough to store every pre-planned movement
schema theory suggest that rather using a structured set of movements to develop a skill, the core principles can be taken from an existing motor programme
schemas are GENERALISED MOTOR PROGRAMMES that can be ADAPTED TO SUIT NEW SITUATIONS
this is why sports performers are often capable in multiple sports
schema is used to adapt existing motor programmes and draw togther information, what are the four essential processes that are used to make this effective
RECALL SCHEMA - information is used from the motor programme in the memory system, it initiates movement and comes before the action
-initial conditions
-response specifications
RECOGNITION SCHEMA - controls the movement and happens during the action
-sensory consequences
-response outcome
what happen in initial conditions
refers to information from the sporting environment that must be recognised before the schema is used
info about whether you have bee in this situation ior similar before
what happens in response specifications
based on the initial conditions, you decide what movement / action to perform
ideal responce / movement selected based on past experiences and initial condition interpritation
what happens in sensory consequences
concerns the use of the senses to help guid the movement
using information about the movement through intrinsic feedback or kinaesthesis
what happens is responce outcome
comparison of actual and intended outcome
this is where the schema and the motor programme can be updated by getting knowledge of results of the action
feedback
how to develop successful schemas
ensure that practice is varied to build a range of experience
ensure practiced skills are transferable to a game situation
give feedback to help continuously improve skills
explain to performer when a schema can be used
give praise and positive reinforcement
practice a range of skills until they are grooved / over learnt
when might it not be possible to use a schema
cognitive performers - they will not have developed a motor programme that can be adapted into a schema
