Schaffer stages of attachment

Question 1

what are stages of attachment

Answer 1

qualitavely different infants behaviours are linked to specific ages and all babies goes through them in the same order

Question 2

what is multiple attachment

Answer 2

attachments to two or more people. Most babies develop multiple attachments once they have formed one strong attachment to one of their carers

Question 3

what are the stages of attachment

Answer 3

asocial stage
indiscriminate attachment
specific attachment
multiple attachment

Question 4

what happens in asocial stage

Answer 4

babys first few weeks of life its observable behaviour towards humans and inanimate objects is fairly similiar

Question 5

what did Schaffer and Emerson say about asocial stage

Answer 5

baby’s not entirely asocial because even at this stage show signs that they prefer to be with other people. At this stage baby’s are forming bonds with certain people these form basis of later attachment

Question 6

what happens in indiscriminate attachment

Answer 6

2 to 7 months babies display obvious and observable social behaviour. Show clear preference to be closer with other humans rather than inanimate objects. Recognise and prefer company of familiar people. Also usually accepts cuddles from anyone don’t usually show separation anxiety when caregivers leave their presence or stranger anxiety in the presence of infamiliar people

Question 7

what happens in specific attachment

Answer 7

around 7months most baby’s show classic display of attachment towards one particular person. Signs are anxiety directed towards strangers when the attachment figure is absent and anxiety when separated from the attachment figure. the primary attachment figure not necessarily the person the baby spends most times with but the on who offers more interaction and responds to babys signal with most skill

Question 8

what is the primary attachment figure

Answer 8

the person with whom the attachment are formed

Question 9

what happens in multiple attachments

Answer 9

Shortly after baby shows attachment behaviour towards one person extend this behaviour to multiple attachments with others they spend time with.
these relationships are called secondary attachment
Scaffer and Emerson observed 29% of children made secondary attachment within a month of forming a primary attachment
by age of one develop multiple attachment

Question 10

what was Schaffer and Emerson research about

Answer 10

observational study of early infant-adult attachments

Question 11

what was the procedure of the study

Answer 11

31 male babys and 29 female babys
from Glasgow and working class background
Researchers visited the mother and baby every month for the first year and again at 18 months
Asked questions to mothers about baby’s protest shown in 7 everyday seperations Designed to measure bay’s attachment

Question 12

What is a Strength

Answer 12

Schaffer and Emerson research had good external validity
Most observations made by parent s during ordinary activites and reported it to the researcher. Might distract the baby or made them feel more anxious
Highly likely participants behaved naturally while being observed

Question 13

what is a Counterpoint

Answer 13

issues with mother asking to be observers. Unlikely to be objective observers and have biased in terms of what they’ve noticed and what they have reported. Means if baby behaved naturally their behaviour may not have been accurately recorded