Schaffens stages of attachment Flashcards
what is the Asocial stage?
- first few weeks
- same with objects and people
- preference for familiar adults
what is the indiscriminate stage?
- 2 to 7 months
- prefer people over objects
- no stranger or separation anxiety
- act the same towards everyone
what is the specific stage?
- 7 to 12 months
- stranger and separation anxiety
- primary attachment (with mothers 65% of the time)
what is the multiple stage?
- 1 year
- form secondary attachment (29% of the time this happens weeks after the primary attachment)
Study:
what was the procedure of the glasgow babies study?
60 glasgow babies were observed every month for a year, then at 18 months old
The anxiety was measured by asking the mothers
study:
What were the findings of the glasgow babies study?
50% of the babies showed separation anxiety
80% have specific attachment baby 40 weeks, 30% have multiple attachment
positive evaluation:
Shaffer and Emerson’s study has external validity
- most observations (except stranger anxiety) were made by parents during ordinary activities
- the behavior of babies unlikely to be affected by the presence of observers
- highly likely participants behaved naturally
positive evaluation:
the study was carried out longitudinally
- means the same children were followed up and regularly observed
- the quicker option would have been to oversee different children of different ages (cross-sectional)
- longitudinal designs have better internal validity as there’s no confounding variable of individual difference (participant variables)
negative evaluation:
evidence on the timing of multiple attachments is conflicting
- Bowlby (1969) says most babies form attachment o single carer before being able to form multiple attachments
- but multiple attachments appear from the beginning in collectivist cultures (based on Ijzendoorn research)
