Influence of early attachment on later relationships

Question 1

Internal working model:

working as a template

Answer 1

• the first attachment to parent acts as a template for future relationships

Question 2

Internal working model:

good attachment experiences and relationship expectations

Answer 2

• a child with a loving parental relationship assumes this is how all relationships should be
• will then seek out functional relationships

Question 3

Internal working model:

bad attachment experiences and relationship expectations

Answer 3

• a child with bad experiences will think of these in their future relationships
• struggle to form relationships and don’t behave properly in them

Question 4

Internal working model:

secure infants have better friendships and are less likely to bully

Answer 4

• kerns say secure infants have best childhood friendships
• also are less likely to be bullies
  insecure avoidant are more likely to be bullying victims
• insecure resistant more likely to be bullies

Question 5

Internal working model:

IWM affects parenting

Answer 5

• likely to base parenting on their IWM

- attachment types passed through the generations

Question 6

Hazan and shaver - love quiz:

procedure

Answer 6

• researchers analyze 620 love quizzes from American newspaper
• quiz assessed: current and most important relationship; general love experiences; and attachment type

Question 7

Hazan and shaver - love quiz:

findings

Answer 7

• 56% of respondents are securely attached
• 25% insecure avoidant
• 19% insecure resistant

Question 8

Hazan and shaver - love quiz:

conclusion

Answer 8

• secure people likely to have good long lasting romances

- avoidant people tend to be jealous and fear intimacy

Question 9

negative evaluation:

questionnaires have issues with validity

Answer 9

• the validity of questionaires limited because it depends on people being honest and having a realist view of their relationship
• they also have to look back at their attachment as a child which is likely to be inaccurate

Question 10

negative evaluation:

several studies show an association but not a causation

Answer 10

• there are other explanations for the continuity between infant and later relationships
• temperament can influence attachment and later relationships
• goes against Bowlby’s view that the IWM causes this

Question 11

negative evaluation:

influence of attachment on relationships is exaggerated

Answer 11

• clarke and Clarke describe the influence of attachment on adult relationships as probabilistic
• people not certain to have bad relationships just increases the likelihood
• by overemphasizing it we become too pesamsitic about people futures