Sceince Final Exam Flashcards
the study of the matter and movement of God’s physical creation
science
a tentative explanation
hypothesis
means that a scientist will obtain consistent results if he performs the same experiment many times, keeping all factors as similar as possible between experiments
repeatability
the ability of other scientists to reach the same conclusion by performing the same experiment under different conditions and by performing other experiments under different conditions
reproducibility
the factor measured to determine the results of an experiment
dependent variable
a group in which the independent variable is absent
control group
a set of conclusions supported by scientific hypotheses and repeated experimentation that describes why a law works
theory
a statement, grounded in a theory, of what should naturally occur under a given set of conditions
scientific law
the four limitations of science
scope of science, approximations, bias, assumptions
two reasons to study science are _____ and _____
glorify God and benefit mankind
the study of reasoning
logic
a statement of fact
proposition
in logic, an argument is considered ____ if the inference logically follows from the premises
valid
the use of science to solve practical problems
technology
a model of a design used for testing
prototype
anything that provides a partial representation of something else
model
the study of the nonliving creation other than the earth and space
physical science
the substance of the physical world; anything that has inertia
matter
the amount of space that matter takes up
volume
the study of interactions between matter and energy
physics
the study of the composition and interactions of matter
chemistry
the fourth state of matter that exists at extremely high temperatures
plasma
the most important part of an equation
equal sign
the language of science
mathematics
the closeness of a measurement to
the quantity’s actual value.
accuracy
refers to how closely several measurements match each other
precision
for measured data to be meaningful, it must include _____
units
the system with meticulously defined standards
SI system
the coldest possible temperature
absolute zero
formula for density
p = m / v (density = mass / volume)
density will always be measured in _____
g / cm cubed
1 mL = ______
1 cm cubed
formula for pressure
P = F / A (pressure = force / area)
formula for acceleration
A = v (final) - v (initial) / time
formula for velocity
v = d / t (velocity = displacement / time)
formula for force
f = ma (force = mass x acceleration)
formula for Boyle’s law
P1V1 = P2V2
formula for Charles’s law
V1/T1 = V2/T2
formula for Amontons’s law
P1/T1 = P2/T2
formula for wave speed
v = λf (speed = wavelength x frequency)
the branch of physics developed after 1900
modern physics
the branch of physics developed before 1900
classical physics
a measure with only magnitude
scalar
a measure with both magnitude and direction
vector
the Greek symbol that means “change in”
delta
what is the Pythagorean theorem
a squared + b squared = c squared
what is the measure of how quickly an object moves
speed
the change in position divided by time
velocity
any change in velocity
acceleration
an acceleration opposite the direction of motion
deceleration
states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
third law of motion
the pushing or pulling action of one object upon another
force
states that the velocity of an object does not change unless that object is acted upon by an outside force
first law of motion
what law states that F = ma
second law of motion
the gravitational force exerted on an object that we perceive
weight
what is the acceleration due to gravity?
9.81 m / s squared
the speed at which a falling object will stop increasing speed
terminal velocity
the resistance arising to an object’s motion through a fluid or across a surface
friction
what is the transfer of energy from one object to another by force
work
the rate of doing work is ______
power
the product of mass and velocity is ____
momentum
