Chapter 15.5-15.6 Science Flashcards
the study of compounds containing carbon.
organic chemistry
a compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon.
hydrocarbon
a hydrocarbon having only single bonds between carbon atoms.
alkane
Alkanes without branches are named according to the number of carbon atoms they contain.
true
An alkane that has branches is named after __________.
the parent hydrocarbon
the longest chain of carbon atoms to which the branches are attached is ____________.
parent hydrocarbon
a major component of natural gas, is used as a fuel in stoves and furnaces.
methane
a major component of LP (liquefied petroleum) gas, which is used for cooking and heating in recreational vehicles and some mobile homes.
propane
Another component of LP gas, also used as fuel in portable stoves and fire starters.
butane
a hydrocarbon containing one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.
alkene
a hydrocarbon containing one or more triple bonds between carbon atoms.
alkyne
describes molecules that are ring-shaped.
cyclic
an organic compound consisting of a cyclic structure with delocalized electrons.
aromatic compound
shared by more than two atoms.
delocalized
C60 and similar molecules are usually referred to collectively as ___________.
fullerenes
a hydrocarbon that has one or more hydrogen atoms replaced with different atoms or groups of atoms.
substituted hydrocarbon
a group of atoms capable of replacing a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon.
functional group
alkanes with one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by halogen atoms.
haloalkanes
an organic compound with one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by an -OH group.
alcohol
-OH is apart of what group
hydroxyl group
a functional group -COOH, found in carboxylic acids.
carboxyl group
a type of organic compound in which a hydrocarbon chain replaces the hydrogen atom of a carboxyl group (often abbreviated as -COO-).
ester
a salt containing a carboxylate ion.
soap
an anion formed by removing the hydrogen atom from a carboxylic acid’s carboxyl group
carboxylate ion
Most “soaps” today are actually composed of synthetic ___________, organic compounds similar to soaps but capable of cleaning even in hard water.
detergents
huge organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules linked together.
polymer
any of the smaller molecules that are joined together to make up a polymer.
monomer
the chemical process that produces polymers.
polymerization
the study of the chemistry of living things.
biochemistry
the compounds that provide most of the energy for living things and contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in about a 1:2:1 ratio.
carbohydrates
any relatively small carbohydrate that contains up to about ten rings of atoms.
sugar
any carbohydrate with only one ring of atoms per molecule.
monosaccharide
important six-carbon sugar found in both animals and plants; molecular formula.
glucose
the process that green plants use to produce glucose from carbon dioxide, water, and the energy of the sun.
photosynthesis
any carbohydrate consisting of two monosaccharide molecules linked together to form a larger molecule.
disaccharide
any of the large carbohydrate polymers formed when hundreds or thousands of monosaccharides are linked together.
polysaccharide
common polysaccharide used by plants for food storage.
starch
common polysaccharide used by animals and people for food storage.
glycogen
a polysaccharide that forms the walls of plant cells and gives plants and trees their rigid structure.
cellulose
a group of biological compounds characterized by insolubility in water.
lipids
a simple lipid molecule that resembles a rod of carbon and hydrogen atoms attached to a carboxylic acid “handle.”
fatty acid
a molecule consisting of three fatty acid “rods” with their “handles” attached to a single molecule of glycerol.
fat
