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Path 2 > SCCA > Flashcards

SCCA Flashcards

1
Q

Oral cancer - new cases in 2015? Deaths?

A

45K new cases

8K deaths

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2
Q

5 year survival rate for oral cancer?

A

62%

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3
Q

Most oral cancer is what kind?

A

SCCA 89%

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4
Q

Clinical presentation of oral SCCA

A

Leukoplakia
Erythroplakia
Non-healing ulceration
Exophytic mass

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5
Q

Leukoplakia clinical features

A

Well-demarcated
Verrucous
Nodular
Speckled (erythro-leukoplakia)

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6
Q

Gender predilection for leukoplakia

A

Way more for males

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7
Q

Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia (PVL) related to Leukoplakia how?

A

Multifocal recurrent leukoplakia

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8
Q

Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia transforms how much into SCCA?

A

70% transform into Verrucous CA or SCCA

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9
Q

Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia associated with what habit?

A

tobacco

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10
Q

Erythroplakia vs leukoplakia

A

Less common

More worrisome

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11
Q

Erythroplakia diagnoses %
Dysplasia
Ca-In-Situ
SCCA

A

9% Dysplasia
40% Ca-In-Situ
51% SCCA
(way worse than Leukoplakia)

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12
Q

Management of Leukoplakia and Erythroplakia

A

Biopsy all unexplained red/white lesions persisting>2 weeks, prioritize heterogeneous areas

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13
Q

Oral epithelial dysplasia microscopic features

A

Basilar hyperplasia
Tear-drop shaped rete ridges
Loss of normal stratification Dyskeratosis
Nuclear enlargement & hyperchromaticity
Cellular pleomorphism
Increased mitotic activity

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14
Q

Levels of oral epithelial dysplasia

A

Mild - lower 1/3
Moderate - lower 2/3
Severe - >2/3
Ca-in-situ - full-thickness

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15
Q

Risk factors for oral cancer

A 
Tobacco
Alcohol
Areca nut
Actinic damage (from sun, NOT trauma)
HPV infection
immune suppression
Family or H/O cancer
Sanguinaria
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16
Q

More tobacco has what effect on risk of scca?

A

more tobacco = more risk

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17
Q

Smokers consist of what % of leukoplakias

A

80%

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18
Q

Risk of SCCA is how much greater for smokers

A

6x

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19
Q

How does risk change when smoking stops?

A

declines with time

20
Q

Heavy drinkers (4 per day) risk of SCCA how much greater?

A

2-14x greater

21
Q

Effects of alcohol and tobacco on SCCA risk are…? What is combined risk?

A

synergistic, 30x combined risk

22
Q

Epithelial dysplasia of lip is?

A

Actinic Cheilitis

23
Q

Actinic cheilitis occurence?

A

90% lower lip

24
Q

Actinic cheilitis resembles what cancer most?

A

skin cancer

25
Q

Low risk HPV types?

A

HPV 6 & 11

26
Q

Low risk HPV causes?

A

squamous papillomas

27
Q

High risk HPV types?

A

16 & 18

28
Q

High-risk HPV causes?

A

HPV-associated epithelial dysplasia

29
Q

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome common in…

A

Scandinavian females

30
Q

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome causes

A

oral/eso SCCA, iron deficiency anemia

31
Q

Oral submucous fibrosis characterized by what?

A

scarring of mucosa, precancerous condition (19x risk)

32
Q

oral submucous fibrosis associated with eating what

A

betel quid, asian thing

33
Q

Oral SCCA gender predilection?

A

male to female 2.5:1

34
Q

Oral SCCA average age at diagnosis?

A

62

35
Q

What is field cancerization?

A

patience with with one oral cancer are at increased risk for additional ones (35% within 5 years)

36
Q

Intraoral high-risk locations for oral SCCA?

A

Ventro-lateral tongue
Floor of mouth
Soft palate

37
Q

Most oropharyngeal carcinomas attributed to what infection?

A

HPV - improved prognosis

38
Q

Oral SCCA metastasizes to what lymph nodes

A

Ispilateral cervical lymph nodes - 21% SCCA, 50% oropharyngeal

Lip cancer to submental nodes

39
Q

Nodes with metastatic carcinoma usually what apperance?

A

hard, nontender, enlarged

40
Q

Distant metastatic sites of oral SCCA?

A

lungs, liver, bones

41
Q

Verrucous Carcinoma is a variant of what?

A

low-grade variant of oral SCCA,

42
Q

Verrucous carcinoma who gets?

A

avg age 65-70, male predilection

43
Q

Verrucous Carcinoma locations?

A

everywhere but soft palate, floor of mouth

44
Q

Verrucous Carcinoma associated with consumption of what

A

smokeless tobacco

45
Q

Verrucous Carcinoma histopath features?

A

deceptively bland microscopic apperance

46
Q

Verrucous Carcinoma treatment, prognosis?

A

excision, 90% cure rate at 5 years

Path 2 (5 decks)

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