Scapular Region and Posterior Arm Picture Cards

Question 1

Answer 1

1. Axillary artery
2. Deep brachial artery
3. Brachial artery

4 and 5. Ulnar collateral arteries

6. Ulnar artery
7. Radial artery

Question 2

What nerves are these indicated in red?

Answer 2

The subscapular nerves

1. Upper
2. Middle (Thoracodorsal)
3. Lower

Question 3

What are these nerves indicated in red?

Answer 3

1. Dorsal scapular nerve
2. Suprascapular nerve
3. Long thoracic nerve (C5-C7/8 roots)

Question 4

Answer 4

1. Trapezius
2. Deltoid
3. Latissimus dorsi

Question 5

Answer 5

Thoracolumbar fascia

Question 6

Name the muscle, origin, insertion, action, and innervation.

Answer 6

Latissimus dorsi. Originates on the spinous processes of the inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae and thoracolumbar fascia. Inserts on the floor of the intertubercular groove of the humerus. Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus. Supplied by the thoracodorsal nerve (middle subscapular nerve)

Question 7

Name the muscle and the one immediately superior to it, origin, insertion, action, and innervation.

Answer 7

Rhomboid major, minor is above it. Originates on spinous processes of C7-T5 vertebrae and minor inserts on the medial end of the scapular spine while major inserts on the medial border of the scapula inferior to the spine. Retracts and rotates the scapula inferiorly. Supplied by dorsal scapular nerve.

Question 8

Name the muscle, origin, insertion, action, and innervation.

Answer 8

Deltoid. It originates on the lateral third of the anterior clavicle, the lateral border of the acromion and the lower lip of the scapular spine. It inserts on the V shaped deltoid tuberosity half way down the lateral aspect of the shaft of humerus. The middle part of the muscle help to abduct the arm, the anterior part help to flex the arm, and the posterior part helps to extend the arm. Innervated by the axillary nerve.

Question 9

Name the muscle, origin, insertion, action, and innervation.

Answer 9

Infraspinatus. Originates at the infraspinatous fossa of the scapula and inserts on the middle facet of the greater tuberosity of the humerus. Action is to laterally rotate the humerus. Supplied by the suprascapular nerve.

Question 10

Name the muscle, origin, insertion, action, and innervation.

Answer 10

Teres minor. Originates on the upper two-thirds of the lateral scapular border and inserts on the inferior part of the greater tuberosity of the humerus. It adducts and laterally rotates the humerus. Supplied by the axillary nerve.

Question 11

Name the muscle, origin, insertion, action, and innervation.

Answer 11

Supraspinatus. Originates on the supraspinatous fossa of the scapula and inserts on the upper facet of the greater tuberosity of the humerus. Action is to initiate abduction of the arm to 15 degrees. Supplied by the suprascapular nerve.

Question 12

Name the muscle, origin, insertion, action, and innervation.

Answer 12

Subscapularis. Arises from the medial two-thirds of the ventral surface of the scapula, and inserts on the lesser tuberosity of the humerus. Acts to medially rotate and adduct the humerus. Supplied by both subscapular nerves (upper and lower subscapular nerves).

Question 13

Name the muscle, origin, insertion, action, and innervation.

Answer 13

Teres major. Originates on the lower third of the lateral border of the scapula and inserts on the medial lip of the intertubercular groove on the humerus. Action is to extend, adduct, and medially rotate the humerus. Supplied by the lower subscapular nerve.

Question 14

Name the muscles that attach to these three insertions.

Answer 14

1. Teres major
2. Latissimus dorsi
3. Pectoralis major

Question 15

Answer 15

1. Inferior glenohumeral ligament
2. Superior glenohumeral ligament

Question 16

Name these landmarks and also name what structures are associated with them.

Answer 16

1. Deltoid tuberosity - insertion for the deltoid.
2. Spiral groove - where the radial nerve and deep brachial artery run down the humerus.

Question 17

Name the muscle, origin, insertion, action, and innervation.

Answer 17

Triceps (long head). It arises from a tendon attached to the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula and the muscle converges on the common tendon, which inserts on the upper surface of the olecranon. The long head supports the inferior aspect of the shoulder joint capsule when the arm is abducted. Supplied by the radial nerve, which has a separate branch to each head of the triceps.

Question 18

Answer 18

Circumflex scapular artery (a branch of the subscapular artery)

Question 19

Name the muscle, origin, insertion, action, and innervation.

Answer 19

Biceps (short head). Proximal attachment is the coracoid process, distal attachment is the common tendon of the biceps which attaches to the posterior aspect of the radial tuberosity. Action is to flex and supinate the arm. Supplied by musculocutaneous nerve.

Question 20

Name the muscle, origin, insertion, action, and innervation.

Answer 20

Biceps (long head). Proximal attachment is the superior glenoid rim/labrum (the tendon runs through the intertubercular groove and is kept in place by the transverse humeral ligament) and distally attaches to the posterior aspect of the radial tuberosity. Flexes and supinates the arm. Musculocutaneous nerve innervation.

Question 21

Name the muscle, origin, insertion, action, and innervation.

Answer 21

Brachialis. It arises from the anterior surface of the distal half of the humerus and attaches distally on the anterior surface of the coracoid process of the ulna. Action is to flex the elbow (in either supinated OR pronated position). Supplied by the Musculocutaneous nerve, with a small part of the lateral aspect of the muscle supplied by the radial nerve.

Question 22

Name the muscle, origin, insertion, action, and innervation.

Answer 22

Coracobrachialis. Originates from the tip of the coracoid process medial to the short head of the biceps and distally attaches to the medial aspect of the mid shaft of the humerus. Supplied by musculocutaneous nerve. Action is arm flexion.

Question 23

Name which muscles attach to these locations.

Answer 23

1. Coracobrachialis
2. Brachialis

Question 24

Which muscle attaches here? What is the bony prominence called?

Answer 24

Biceps brachii (distal attachment). It is the radial tuberosity.

Question 25

Name the structure in green and the tendon that runs through it.

Answer 25

Transverse humeral ligament with long head biceps tendon running through it.

Question 26

Answer 26

Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 27

Do it.

Answer 27

1. Axillary nerve (C5, C6)
2. Radial nerve (C5, C6)
3. Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm (C5. C6)
4. Median nerve (C6-C8)
5. Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
6. Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm (T1)
7. Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm (T1)
8. Intercostobrachial (T2)
9. Supraclavicular nerves (C3, C4)
10. Radial n. superficial branch (C6-C8)

Question 28

Name the muscle, origin, insertion, action, and innervation.

Answer 28

Anconeus. Proximal attachment is the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and distal attachment is the lateral olecranon up to the proximal third of the posterolateral ulna. Assists in elbow extension. Supplied by radial nerve.

Question 29

Answer 29

1. Olecranon
2. Head of the radius
3. Lateral epicondyle of humerus
4. Trochlear notch of the ulna

Question 30

Name the spaces as depicted by the blue and green triangles and red square. Also name the structures that define these spaces and name the structures as noted by numbers 1-3.

Answer 30

The blue triangle is the medial triangular space. Its boundaries are the teres minor, teres major, and long head of the triceps. The structure in it is the (1) circumflex branch of the supscapular artery.

The green triangle is the lateral triangular space. Its boundaries are the long and lateral heads of the triceps and the teres major.

The red square is the quandrangular space. Its boundaries are the long and lateral heads of the triceps and the teres major and minor. (2) is the axillary nerve, (3) is the posterior circumflex humeral artery.