Scapular region

Question 1

Borders of scapular region

Answer 1

Sup: Horizontal line between acromion of scapula and spinous process of T1 vertebra

Inf: horizontal line between inferior scapular angle and posterior axillary fold.

Medial: Midline of trunk
Lateral: Oblique line connecting Acromion with lateral end of inferior boundary.

Question 2

Skin innervation of dorsal scapular region

Answer 2

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves => dorsal cutaneous branches of C6-T6

Question 3

Layers of dorsal scapular region:

Answer 3

1) Skin
2) Subcutaneous tissue (adipose tissue)( + cutaneous n’s)
3) Fascia of superficial muscles
4) Trapezius + spinal part of Deltoid m.
5) supra- and infra- spinatus muscles
6) supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres major+minor, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, Rhomboid major+minor (and serratus posterior superior?)
7) Deep back muscles

Question 4

vessels and nerves of scapular region

Answer 4

Nerves: 
-Accessory nerve
-Supra scapular nerve
-Axillary nerve
-Dorsal scapular nerve
Arteries:
-Tranverse cervical a (give dorsal scapular a)
-Supracapular artery
-Posterior circumflex humeral artery
-Doral scapular artery

Question 5

Rete of scapula

Answer 5

is a system connecting certain subclavian artery branches and their corresponding axillary artery branches, forming a circulatory anastomosis around the scapula.
Allows blood to flow past the joint in case of occlusion, damage, or pinching of the following scapular arteries:

-Transverse cervical artery
-Dorsal scapular artery (the anastomosing branch of the -
transverse cervical)
-Suprascapular artery
-Branches of subscapular artery
-Branches of thoracic aorta

Question 6

Which neurovascular structures are found below trapezius muscle and levator scapulae on specimen?

Answer 6

-Accessory nerve and transverse cervical a. ( earlier name of supracapular a?)

Question 7

where can we find the dorsal scapular n and the deep branch of transverse cervical a (dorsal scapular a)?

Answer 7

below: levator scapulae, rhomboids and

On top of: erector truncim?

Question 8

Explain the path of suprascapular artery and nerve in this region

Answer 8

• The nerve passes below superior transverse scapular ligament and the artery passes above it
• Both of them pass below the inferior transverse scapular ligament

Question 9

which artery does the suprascapular a anastomose with?

Answer 9

circumflex scapular a, to form rete of scapula

Question 10

Triangular space

Answer 10

Borders:

• sup: teres minor
• Inf: teres major
• lat: long head of triceps

Content:
-circumflex scapular a

Question 11

Quadrangular space

Answer 11

Borders: 
-sup: teres minor
-Inf: teres major
Medial: long head of triceps
Lateral: Humerus
Content:
-posterior circumflex humeral a
-Axillary nerve

Question 12

Levator scapulae

Answer 12

O: transverse processes of C1-C4
I: superior angle of scapula
Innervation: Dorssal scapular n ( from superior root of brachial plexus (C5))
Blood supply: Tranverce cervical a(supracapular) + acending cervical a (both branches of thyrocervical trunk of subclavian)

Question 13

Action of levator scapulae

Answer 13

• Incline neck toward same side

- Draws scapula medially and upwards while moving inferior angle medially -> thus returns raised arm to 0 degrees

Question 14

Rhomboid minor

Answer 14

O: Spinous process of C6-7 (or C7-T1) source
I:Medial border of scapula above, or below scapular spine (depending on source)
innervation: dorsal scapular n

Question 15

Action of rhomboid minor

Answer 15

• Stabilisation of scapula

- draws scapula medially and upwards (internal rotation) thus return arm to 0degree position.

Question 16

Rhomboid Major

Answer 16

O: spinous process of T1-T4 (or T2-T5)
I: medial margin of scapula below scapular spine
Action: same as minor
Innervation: dorsal scapular n
arterial: Dorsal scapular a.