Neck region

Question 1

Borders of Carotid triangle

Answer 1

Sup: posterior belly og digastric
Medial: superiod belly of omohyoid
Lat: Sternocleido mastoid muscle

Question 2

Content on carotid triangle

Answer 2

-Carotid sheath with:
-Internal jugular vein
-Common carotid a (bifurcates within triangle)+
carotid sinus with baroreceptors.
-Vagus n
-spinal accessory n
-Ansa cervicalis (sup. root)
-Deep cervical lymph nodes
-Hypoglossal n
(-Pharynx and larynx?)

(intermediate belly of omohyoid m. has extra insertion on carotid sheath to prevent collapsing of IJV during respiration.)

Question 3

Borders of Submental triangle

Answer 3

Inferiorly – hyoid bone.
Medially – midline of the neck.
Laterally – anterior belly of the digastric
Base – Mylohyoid muscle

Question 4

Content of submental triangle

Answer 4

• Submental lymp nodes

- Small vein which unite to form Anterior jugular vein.

Question 5

Borders of Submandibular triangle

Answer 5

Superiorly – body of the mandible.
Anteriorly – (or medially?) anterior belly of the digastric m.
Posteriorly – posterior belly of the digastric muscle.
(but stylohyoid m is right there as well!)

Question 6

Content of Submandibular triangle

Answer 6

-Submandibular gland
-Submandibular lymph nodes
-Fascial a & v pass through in triangle
(-Mylohyoid n
-Hypoglossal n)

Question 7

Situation and borders of Muscular (Omotracheal) triangle

Answer 7

It is situated more inferiorly than the subdivisions and its a slightly ‘dubious’ triangle, in reality having four boundaries. Superiorly – hyoid bone.

Medially – imaginary midline of the neck.
Supero-laterally – superior belly of the omohyoid muscle.
Infero-laterally – inferior portion of the
sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 8

Content of Muscular (Omotracheal) triangle

Answer 8

-The Infrahyoid muscles:
-Sternohyoid
-Sternothyroid
-Thyrohyoid
(-The Pharynx)
-The thyroid,
-Parathyroid glands. (thyroid gland?)

Question 9

how is the Posterior triangle of the neck divided?

Answer 9

The omohyoid muscle splits the posterior triangle of the neck into two:
1) The larger, superior part is termed the occipital triangle.

2) The inferior triangle is known as the subclavian triangle and contains the distal portion of the subclavian artery.

Question 10

Which triangles are sub divisions of the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 10

• Submandibular triangle
• Submental triangle
• Carotid triangle
• Muscular triangle

Question 11

Border of Occipital triangle

Answer 11

-SCM
-Inferior belly of omohyoid m.
(and clavicle?)

Floor; -A number of vertebral muscles (covered by prevertebral fascia) form the floor of the posterior triangle:

Splenius capitis
Levator scapulae
Anterior, middle and posterior scalenes

Question 12

Content of occipital triangle

Answer 12

-External jugular vein =>Within the posterior triangle, the
EJV pierces the investing layer of fascia and
empties into the subclavian vein.
-Tranverse cervical a
-spinal accessory n
-Trunks of brachial nerve plexus
-Poterior branchess of cervical nerve plexus
-Tranverse cervical chain of lymphnodes

Question 13

Borders and content of Scalene triangle

Answer 13

Anterior: - Ant. Scalene => Phrenic n runs on ant border on
ant. scalene right outside triangle
Post: -Middle Scalene => long thoracic nerve (pierces?)
Middle scalene muscle
Inferior: -First rib => subclavian vein

Content: -Subclavian a
- Brachial plexus (cords)

Question 14

Borders of Supraclavicular/Subclavian/Omoclavicular triangle

Answer 14

• Medial: Clavicular head of SCM
• Lateral: Inferior belly of OH m.
• Inferior: Clavicle

Question 15

Content of Supraclavicular/Subclavian/Omoclavicular triangle

Answer 15

• Subclavian artery (and sometime vein)
  -Suprascapular artery
  -Suprascapular lymph nodes (may recieve metastais of
  Gastric cc)

Question 16

What make up the EJV?

Answer 16

Formed by the retromandibular and posterior auricular veins.

Question 17

Suprahyoid muscles

Answer 17

A group of four muscles, located superiorly to the hyoid bone of the neck. which elevate the hyoid bone => involved in swollowing.

• Mylohyoid
• Stylohyoid
• Geniohyoid
• Digastric

-Arterial supply to these muscles is via branches of the facial artery, occipital artery and lingual artery

Question 18

Superior root of deep ansa cervicalis

Answer 18

The superior root of the ansa cervicalis is formed from cervical spinal nerve 1 of the cervical plexus. These nerve fibers travel in the hypoglossal nerve before separating in the carotid triangle to form the superior root. The superior root goes around the occipital artery and then descends on the carotid sheath.
It sends off branches to the superior belly of the OH muscle, and the upper parts of the sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles and is then joined by the inferior root.

Question 19

inferior root of deep Ansa cervicalis

Answer 19

c2,c3:
gives branches to:
-

Question 20

Origin and innervation of Digastric:

Answer 20

Ant belly: originates from digastric fossa of mandible, inserts on common tendon of digastric

• derived from 1st pharyngeal arch) => innervated by Mylohyoid n, branch of mandibular nerve (CN V)
• pulls mandible forward and depresses it.

intermediate tendon: on minor cornu of hyoid bone.

Post. belly: Mastoid notch of temporal bone —->
intermediate tendon of digastric.
-Derived from 2nd pharyngeal arch=> innervated by
facial nerve
-Draws back hyoid bone.

Question 21

name the Suprahyoid muscles

Answer 21

-digastric
-stylohyoid
-geniohyoid,
-mylohyoid
they’re all pharyngeal muscles except for geniohyoid.

Question 22

Stylohyoid muscle

Answer 22

O: post. styloid process of temporal bone
I: body of hyoid bone ==> its splits/goes around the beginning of post. belly of digasstric.

Action: -elevates and retracts hyoid bone
- assists in lowering mandible
Innervation: facial n.

Question 23

Mylohyoid:

Answer 23

forms the floor or oral cavity
O: the mylohyoid line of the mandible
I: hyoid bone.
Actions: Elevates the hyoid bone and the floor of the
mouth.
Innervation: Inferior alveolar nerve, a branch of the
mandibular nerve (which is derived from the
trigeminal nerve)

Question 24

Innervation infrahyoid muscles

Answer 24

all innervated by deep ansa but the Thyrohyoid muscle which is innervated by superficial ansa (C1 traveling with Hypoglossal until carotid triangle)

Question 25

Innervations of suprahyoid muscles.

Answer 25

• Digastric ant. belly + mylohyoid muscle: mylohyoid n from V3
• Digastric post belly+ stylohyoid m. : facial n
• Geniohyoid Superior cervical ansa.

Question 26

Borders of parotid nest

Answer 26

Post: SCM, Post. belly of digastric
Ant: Maseter, Ramus of mandible, medial pterygoid muscle
Medial: stylohyoid, styloglossus, styloid process, stylopharyngeus muscle. -> Ext.CA, IJV, ICA

Question 27

What fascia makes up carotid sheath

Answer 27

pretracheal facscia of deep cervical facsia

Question 28

Erb point

Answer 28

located 2-3 cm above clavicle and 1-2cm past the poterior border => ej klar kolla notes

Question 29

which are the infra hyoid muscle?

Answer 29

• Sternohyoid
• Omohyoid
• Sternothyroid
• Thyrohyoid

Question 30

which are the suprahyoid muscles?

Answer 30

• Mylohyoid
• Geniohyoid
• Stylohyoid
• Digastric muscles

Question 31

Name the deep ventral muscles of the neck

Answer 31

-Rectus capitis anterior
-Longus capitis
-Longus colli
all innervated by cervical plexus