Scapula and Shoulder

Question 1

scapular elevation

Answer 1

P: sitting upright, arms relaxed
A: use gross motions only

Question 2

scapular depression

Answer 2

P: sitting upright, arms relaxed
A: use gross motions only

Question 3

scapular protraction

Answer 3

P: sitting upright, shoulder abducted 90 degrees

S: With scapula in neutral, measure the distance between the root of the spine of the scapula and the spinous process of thoracic vertebrae horizontally with a tape measure.
M: With the scapula in maximum protraction, measure the same distance and calculate the difference in starting and ending positions.

Question 4

scapular retraction

Answer 4

P: Sitting upright with shoulder abducted 90 degrees

S: With scapula in neutral, measure the distance between the root of the spine of the scapula and the spinous process of thoracic vertebrae horizontally with a tape measure.
M: With the scapula in maximum retraction, measure the same distance and calculate the difference in starting and ending positions.

Question 5

scapular upward rotation

Answer 5

P: Sitting upright with both arms in relaxed position

S: With the scapula in neutral, measure the distance between the inferior angle of the scapula and T7 spinous process with a tape measure.
M: With the scapula in maximal upward rotation, measure the same distance and calculate the difference between starting and ending positions.

Question 6

scapular downward rotation

Answer 6

P: Sitting upright with arms in relaxed position.

S: With the scapula in neutral, measure the distance between the inferior angle of the scapula and T7 spinous process with a tape measure.
M: With the scapula in maximal downward rotation, measure the same distance and calculate the difference between starting and ending positions.

Question 7

shoulder flexion

Answer 7

P: Supine with hips and knees flexed. The arm rests on the mat with the elbow extended and pam facing inward
A: Midpoint of the lateral acromion process in line with the head of the humerus
S: Parallel to the midaxillary line of the trunk in line with the greater trochanter
M: Lateral midline of the humerus in line with the lateral epicondyle

Question 8

shoulder extension

Answer 8

P: Prone with the arm resting on the mat, elbow extended, and palm facing inward. The elbow should be allowed to flex during movement
A: Midpoint of the lateral acromion process in line with the head of the humerus
S: Parallel to the midaxillary line of the trunk in line with the greater trochanter
M: Lateral midline of the humerus in line with the lateral epicondyle

Question 9

shoulder abduction

Answer 9

P: Supine with the upper extremity in anatomical position
A: Anterior acromion process through the center of the head of the humerus
S: Anterior surface of the trunk parallel to sternum
M: Anterior midline of the humerus in line with the medial epicondyle

Question 10

shoulder adduction

Answer 10

P: Supine with the upper extremity in anatomical position
(If possible, start in 30 degrees of shoulder flexion to allow arm to move across body)
A: Anterior acromion process through the center of the head of the humerus
S: Anterior surface of the trunk parallel to the sternum
M: Anterior midline of the humerus in line with the medial epicondyle

Question 11

shoulder internal rotation

Answer 11

P: Supine with hips and knees flexed. The shoulder is abducted at 90 degrees and elbow is flexed at 90 and humerus is fully supported on the mat. (Towel under humerus if needed for proper alignment)
A: Olecranon process projecting through the head of the humerus
S: Parallel to tabletop
M: Midline of the ulna in line with the ulnar styloid process

Question 12

shoulder external rotation

Answer 12

P: Supine with hips and knees flexed. The shoulder is abducted at 90 degrees and elbow is flexed at 90 and humerus is fully supported on the mat. (Towel under humerus if needed for proper alignment)
A: Olecranon process projecting through the head of the humerus
S: Parallel to tabletop
M: Midline of the ulna in line with the ulnar styloid process

Question 13

shoulder horizontal abduction

Answer 13

P: Supine with the GH joint slightly off the mat. The shoulder is abducted to 90 degrees and in neutral rotation. Elbow may be flexed or fully extended
A: Midpoint of the superior acromion process
S: Parallel to floor
M: Lateral midline of the humerus in line with the lateral epicondyle

Question 14

shoulder horizontal adduction

Answer 14

P: Supine with the GH joint slightly off the mat. The shoulder is abducted to 90 degrees and in neutral rotation. Elbow may be flexed or fully extended
A: Midpoint of the superior acromion process
S: Parallel to floor
M: Lateral midline of the humerus in line with the lateral epicondyle