Scalp, Face, the Orbit, and Internal Orbital Features: Lacrimal Gland

Question 1

What can the five layers of the scalp spell?

Answer 1

Skin, Connective tissue, Aponeurosis, Loose Connective Tissue, Periosteum…SCALP

Question 2

What are the principal sources of blood to the scalp?

Answer 2

internal carotid and external carotid artery branches

Question 3

Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve receive sensory information from the scalp?

Answer 3

all 3 divisions; ophthalmic, maxillary, and madibular nerves

Question 4

Which ventral rami nerves(s) and cord levels of origin supply the scalp?

Answer 4

greater auricular nerve-C2, C3 ventral rami branches; lesser occipital nerve-C2, C3 communicating ramus

Question 5

Which dorsal ramus nerve branch (name and cord level of origin) suppliesthe scalp?

Answer 5

greater occipital nerve-C2, C3 comminicating ramus

Question 6

Which muscleslack any attachment to bone?

Answer 6

orbicularis oris, procerus and risorius

Question 7

What type of motor fibers to skeletal muscle are given off by the facial nerve?

Answer 7

branchial effect (BE)

Question 8

Most of the seventh cranial nerve will exit the skull via what opening?

Answer 8

the stylomastoid foramen

Question 9

Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve receive sensory information from the face?

Answer 9

all 3 divisions; ophthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve and mandibular nerve

Question 10

The optic canal is located along which wall of the orbit?

Answer 10

superior wall of the orbit

Question 11

What are the contents of the optic canal?

Answer 11

optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

Question 12

What are the openings located along the medial wall of the orbit?

Answer 12

anterior and posterior ethmoid foramina

Question 13

What is the name givento the medial wall of the orbit?

Answer 13

lamina papyracea

Question 14

The superior orbital fissure is located along which wall ofthe orbit?

Answer 14

lateral wall of the orbit

Question 15

What are the contents of the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 15

oculomotor, trochlear, and abducent/abducens cranial nerves ophthalmic division of the trigeminal cranial nerve and opthalmic veins

Question 16

What opening(s) are located along the inferior wall of the orbit?

Answer 16

inferior orbital fissure

Question 17

What is contained in the inferior orbital fissure?

Answer 17

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

Question 18

Identify the opening(s) found along each wall of the orbit

Answer 18

superior wall; optic canal
medial wall; anterior and posterior ethmoid foramina
lateral wall; superior orbital fissure
inferior wall; inferior orbital fissure

Question 19

Which cranial nerves are involved in the Visceral Efferent (VE) parasympathetic pathway to the lacrimal gland?

Answer 19

facial and trigeminal (maxillary and opthalmic disvisions/branches)

Question 20

Parasympathetic stimulation of blood vessels in the lacrimal gland will result in what events?

Answer 20

vasodilation of blood vessels, increased availability of water to secretory units, thinner or more watery product in lumen

Question 21

What do Somatic Afferent (SA) pathways monitor?

Answer 21

pain, temperature, light touch and proprioception

Question 22

Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve contain somatic afferent (SA) pathways?

Answer 22

all three

Question 23

What are the layers of the eyelid?

Answer 23

skin, orbicularis oculi muscle, tarsal plate/tarsus and palpebral conjunctiva

Question 24

What are the names given to the modified sebaceous gland in the tarsus of the eyelid?

Answer 24

tarsal or Meibomian gland

Question 25

Preganglionic visceral efferent fibers of cranial nerve VII will exit the pons in what nerve?

Answer 25

nervus intermedius. nerve of Wrisberg, sensory root of facial nerve

Question 26

Visceral Efferent (VE) pathways innervate what structures?

Answer 26

smooth mucsle, cardiac muscle, and glandular tissue

Question 27

What is the origin for the sympathetic pathway to the lacrimal gland?

Answer 27

lateral horn/intermediolateral cell column T1, T2

Question 28

What is the target of the preganglionic sympathetic visceral efferent (VE) fiber in the pathway to the lacrimal gland?

Answer 28

the VE fiber ascends to the superior cervical ganglion to synapse

Question 29

Sympathetic stimulation of the lacrimal gland will result in what events?

Answer 29

vasoconstriction of blood vessels, limited availability of water to secretory units, more viscous or thicker product formed in the glandular lumen

Question 30

Parasympathetic stimulation of targets in the lacrimal gland will result in what events?

Answer 30

vasodilation of blood vessels, increased availability of water to secretory units, thinner or more watery product in lumen; constriction of myoepithelial cells leading to release of product from secretory lumen into duct sytem