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NeuroEndocrine > Scalp and Superficial Face > Flashcards

Scalp and Superficial Face Flashcards

1
Q

5 layers of the scalp

A

Skin, Connective tissue, Aponeurosis, Loose connective tissue, Pericranium

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2
Q

Clinical relevance of the emissary V

A

Loose connective tissue just superior can drain into the emissary vein, which can drain into the superior sagittal sinus. This can lead to meningitis.

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3
Q

Loose connective tissue can transmit infection to…

A

scalp, around eye, and nose

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4
Q

Describe characteristics of the dense connective tissue in the scalp

A

Most vascularized, nerves

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5
Q

Scalp proper

A

Skin, connective tissue, aponeurosis

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6
Q

Difference between gaping and non-gaping scalp wounds

A

If the wound cuts coronally through the aponeurosis, muscle will pull and lead to a gaping appearance.

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7
Q

Which cranial nerve closes the eye?

A

Facial nerve

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8
Q

What muscle is attached to the aponeurosis of the scalp?

A

Occipitalis Frontalis Muscle

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9
Q

What direction does the neurovasculature of the scalp travel?

A

Inferior to superior

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10
Q

Where is the parotid gland?

A

Goes from Zygomatic Arch to Inferior Border of Mandible

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11
Q

What are the three major structures passing through the Parotid gland?

A

Facial Nerve (does not innervate gland)

Retromandibular Vein

External Carotid Artery

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12
Q

What muscle does the parotid duct dive into?

A

Buccinator Muscle

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13
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the parotid gland?

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland?

A

Sensory: Auricolotemporal Nerve (branch of CN V3) and Great Auricular Nerve

Parasympathetic: CN IX

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14
Q

Why would a patient with mumps have pain in the cheek?

A

Parotid gland is swelling and is constricted by investing layer of deep cervical fascia and cannot expand

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15
Q

What part of the orbicularis oculi closes the eye tightly?

A

Orbital part

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16
Q

What part of the orbicularis oculi gently closes the eye?

A

Palpebral part

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17
Q

What cranial nerve closes the eye?

What cranial nerve opens the eye?

A

Closes: Cranial Nerve VII (Facial)

Opens: Cranial Nerve III (Oculomotor)

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18
Q

What is the embryonic origin of the muscles of facial expression?

A

Pharyngeal Arch 2

Mesoderm

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19
Q

What are the four muscles of mastication?

What cranial nerve innervates them all?

A 
Temporalis Muscle
Masseter Muscle
Medial Pterygoid Muscle
Lateral Pterygoid Muscle
*Innervated by Cranial Nerve V3
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20
Q

What is the embryonic origin of the muscles of mastication?

A

Pharyngeal Arch 1

Mesoderm

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21
Q

What are the branches of Facial Nerve providing motor innervation?

A

Posterior Auricular N

Temporal N.

Zygomatic N.

Buccal N.

Mandibular N.

Cervical N.

pA Tiny Zenbra Bit My Cheek

22
Q

Where does the Facial Nerve enter the skull?

Where does the Facial Nerve exit the skull?

A

Enter: Internal Acoustic Meatus

Exit: Stylomastoid Foramen

23
Q

What branch of Facial Nerve provides sensory information to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Chorda Tympani

24
Q

What branch of Facial N. carries parasympathetic fibers to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands?

A

Chorda Tympani

25
Q

What branch of Facial Nerve transmits parasympathetic fibers to the lacrimal gland?

A

Greater Petrosal Nerve

26
Q

What are some symptoms of Bell’s Palsy?

A

Damage done to ipsilateral side

Loss of parasympathetic innervation to lacrimal ducts
No tear production
Loss of innervation to stapedius muscle 
No protection from loud noises 
Loss of taste to anterior ⅔ of tongue 
Lose parasympathetic innvervation to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands 
Cannot move facial muscles
Cannot close eye 
Loss of general sensory to ear
27
Q

If the Facial Nerve was damaged in the Internal Acoustic, what symptoms would be seen?

A

Loss of all functions of Facial Nerve

28
Q

If the Facial Nerve was damaged at the entrance of the facial canal, what symptoms would we see?

A

Loss of all functions of Facial Nerve except parasympathetic innervation to lacrimal gland

29
Q

If the Facial Nerve was damaged right before the branch of the Chorda Tympani, what symptoms would we see?

A

Loss of all functions of Facial Nerve except parasympathetic innervation to lacrimal gland and innervation to stapedius muscle

Only will have tear production and protection against loud sounds!

30
Q

If the Facial Nerve was damaged at the stylomastoid foramen, what symptoms would we see?

A

Symptoms

Unilateral flaccid paralysis of facial muscles
Loss of sensation around ear
Will have tear production, protection against loud sounds, taste to tongue, and salivary production

31
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the bridge of the nose?

A

Opthalmic V1

32
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the sides of the nose?

A

Maxillary V2

33
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the upper eyelid?

A

Opthalmic V1

34
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the lower eyelid?

A

Maxillary V2

35
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the cornea?

A

Opthalmic V1

36
Q

What provides cutaneous sensation to the angle of the mandible?

A

Cervical plexus

37
Q

What provides motor innervation to the Buccinator M.?

What provides sensory innervation?

A

Motor: Buccal branch of Facial N. CN VII

Sensory: Buccal Nerve (branch of CN V3)

38
Q

Where do the Supratrochlear and Supraorbital Nerves arise from?

What do they innervate?

A

Ophthalmic Nerve (V1)

Sensory innervation to eyelid, forehead, scalp, and vertex

39
Q

What are the branches of the Maxillary Nerve?

A

Infraorbital Nerve

Zygomaticofacial Nerve

Zygomaticotemporal Nerve

40
Q

What are the branches of the Mandibular Nerve?

A

Auriculotemporal Nerve

Buccal Nerve

Mental Nerve

41
Q

Where does Herpes Zoster normally lie dormant?

A

Sensory root ganglia/dorsal root ganglia of trigeminal nerve

Most common in V1

42
Q

A 50 y/o patient presents with a rash to her forehead and bridge of her nose. She has a history of chicken pox as a child. What nerve has the virus taken the distribution of? Specifically what division?

A

Trigeminal N V1 (ophthalmic)

43
Q

What is the anastamosis between ICA and ECA on the forehead?

A

ECA: Superficial Temporal Artery

ICA: Supraorbital Artery

44
Q

What two arteries anastomose around the medial part of the eyes and nose?

A

ICA: Supratrochlear Artery

ECA: Angular Artery (continuation of Facial Artery)

45
Q

What two arteries anastomose around the lip?

A

Superior and Inferior Labial Arteries

Both from Facial Artery

46
Q

What do the Occpital Lymph Nodes drain?

A

Back of Head

47
Q

What do the Mastoid Lymph Nodes drain?

A

Posterior lateral sides of the head (posterior to ear)

48
Q

What do the Parotid Lymph Nodes drain?

A

Forehead, lateral face, eyes

49
Q

What do the Submandibular Lymph Nodes drain?

A

Top lip and lateral lower lips

50
Q

What do the Submental Lymph Nodes drain?

A

Central lower lip and Chin

51
Q

What lymph nodes drain into deep cervical?

A

Partoid

Submandibular

Submental

52
Q

What lymph nodes drain into superficial cervical?

A

Occipital

Mastoid

NeuroEndocrine (14 decks)

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