scales of measurement, types of research

Question 1

nominal

Answer 1

• also known as the classification scale because the values of the variable are mutually exclusive and exhaustive categories, so that each object or person can be assigned to only one category
• nominal scales are qualitative rather than quantitative

Question 2

ordinal

Answer 2

• this scale of measurement is also known as a ranking scale. the data are ranked on the basis of a property of the variable, but the intervals between the ranks may not be equal or known

Question 3

interval

Answer 3

• a measurement scale where the intervals between adjacent values are equal but there is no true zero point

Question 4

ratio

Answer 4

• a measurement scale where the intervals between adjacent values are equal and there is a true zero point

Question 5

sensitivity

Answer 5

• when referring to a medical test, sensitivity refers to the percentage of people who test positive for a specific disease among a group of people who have the disease

Question 6

specificity

Answer 6

• when referring to a medical test, specificity refers to the percentage of people who test negative for a specific disease among a group of people who do not have the disease

Question 7

false negative test

Answer 7

• a test that indicated a person does not have a specific disease or condition when the person actually does have the disease or condition

Question 8

false positive test

Answer 8

• a test that indicates a person has a specific disease or condition when the person actually does not have the disease or condition

Question 9

negative predictive value

Answer 9

• the ability of a diagnostic test to correctly determine rthe proportion of patients without the disease from all the patients with negative test results

Question 10

positive predictive value

Answer 10

• the ability of an diatgnostic test to correctly determine the proportion of patients with the disease from all the patients with positive test results

Question 11

SpPin

Answer 11

• a mnemonic used to remember the relationship between a diagnostic or screening test with a high specificity value and the confidence we have in ruling in the diagnosis
• in a test with high specificity, a positive diagnostic test rules in the diagnosis

Question 12

SnNout

Answer 12

• a mnemonic used to remember the relationship between a diagnostic or screening test with a high sensitivity value and the confidence we have in ruling out the diagnosis
• in a test with high sensitivity, a negative diagnostic test rules out the diagnosis

Question 13

descriptive research

Answer 13

• recording, analyzing, and interpreting conditions that exist for the purpose of classification and understanding a clinical phenomenon

Question 14

experimental research

Answer 14

• comparing two or more conditions for the purpose of determining cause-and effect relationship between independent and dependent variables

Question 15

exploratory research

Answer 15

• examines the dimensions of a phenomenon of interest and its relationships to other factors