SC3 - Atomic Structure ✓ Flashcards

1
Q

SC3a - Name the three base rules of atomic theory.

A
  • All matter is made up of atoms
  • Atoms cannot be broken down into smaller parts
  • Atoms cannot be created or destroyed
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2
Q

SC3a - Names the three subatomic particles as well as their relative mass and charge.

A
  • Protons:
    • M: 1
    • C +1
  • Neutron:
    • M: 1
    • C Neutral (0)
  • Electron:
    • M: 1/1835 (negligible)
    • C -1
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3
Q

SC3a - Describe the structure of an atom

A
  • Protons and neutrons centred in a nucleus.
  • Electrons orbiting outside in electron shells.
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4
Q

SC3b - What did the Rutherford Gold foil test reveal about the space inside atoms?

A

Atoms are mostly empty spcae

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5
Q

SC3b - What is an atomic number?

A

The number of protons in an atom. the bottom number on the symbol for an element

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6
Q

SC3b - What is a mass number?

A
  • The number of protons + neutrons in an atom (the mass).
  • The top number on the symbol for an element.
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7
Q

SC3c - What is an isotope?

A

Two atoms (of the same element) with the same atomic number but different mass numbers (amounts of neutrons)

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8
Q

SC3c - What does the symbol Ar stand for and what does it mean?

A
  • Relative Atomic Mass.
  • The average mass of the naturally occurring form(s) of an element in relation to a Carbon-12 atom
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9
Q

SC3c - How do you calculate the Ar of an element from the abundance of its isotopes.

A

(M1 x A1) + (M2 x A2) (etc.) ÷ 100 (M=Mass A=Abundance)

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10
Q

SC3c - Why does chlorine have a mass number with a decimal?

A
  • It is its relative mass.
  • There are two isotopes of chlorine, 35 and 37.
  • Chlorine - 35 is more abundant than 37.
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