SC17 Groups in the Periodic Table Flashcards
Group 1 Physical Properties
- Low mp/bp
- Very soft
Group 1 Reactivity
As you go down the group, they are more reactive as electron is further away from attracting nucleus
Group 1 How do their electronic configurations affect their reactivity?
The further away the outer shell is, the less attracted it will be to the nucleus, so electrons in this shell will be lost easily
Group 1 How do the alkali metals react?
Lithium = fizzing furiously on surface
Sodium / Potassium = fizz, melt due to heat, and K gets hot enough to ignite H2 gas being produced
Group 7 Reactivity
As you go down the group, the halogens become less reactive as it gets harder to attract the extra electron needed to gain a full shell
Group 7 What is the chemical test for chlorine?
Damp blue litmus paper will bleach in presence of chlorine
Group 7 Define metal halides
Halogens react vigorously with some metals to form salts called metal halides eg
Sodium + Chlorine = Sodium Chloride
Group 7 Physical Properties
- diatomic molecules (sharing a pair of electrons to get full outer shell)
- as you go down group 7, mp/bp increases
Group 7 Appearances
Chlorine = poisonous green gas Bromine = poisonous red-brown liquid which gives off orange vapour at room temp Iodine = dark grey crystalline solid which gives off purple vapour when heated
Define displacement reactions
where a more reactive element “pushes out” (displaces) a less reactive element from a compound
How are displacement reactions examples of redox reactions?
The halogens gain electrons (reduction) whilst halide ions lose electrons (oxidisation)
Group 0 Physical Properties
- colourless gases
- monatomic (single atoms)
- inert (don’t react)
- non-flammable
Why are Group 0 gases inert based on their elctronic configurations?
They don’t react with anything because they have a full outer shell. Therefore, they don’t need to lose or gain an electron to have a full outer shell
Group 0 Uses of Gases
1) Argon stops hot filament burning away in light bulbs
2) Argon and helium protect metals being welded
3) Helium is used in airships and party balloons
