SBM: Pharmacology & therapeutics - Respiratory Flashcards
What are the pathological features of emphysema (6)
Infiltration of neutrophils and CD8 lymphocytes Squamous metaplasia Increased epithelial mucous cells Mucus gland hyperplasia Loss if interstitial support Muscle is normal - contraction unopposed
What are the inflammatory changes in asthma. (There are 8)
Infiltration of neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes Smooth muscle hypertrophy -- poor relaxation -- wheeze Epithelial desquamation Basement membrane thickening Mucus gland hyperplasia Vasodilation Mucus plugging Oedema of mucosa and submucosa
Consequence of COPD
Airflow obstruction Impaired ventilation. v/q mismatch Excess mucus Cor pulmonale
What is cor pulmonale
?
Explain V-Q mismatch
?
What factors effect compliance
Simple treatment plan Pt perception of severity Easy to do/take Good dr-pr relationship Low side/effects Family
What are B-Adrenergic agonist? What do they work on?
??
Name a short acting b-Adrenergic agonist
Salbutamol
Salmeterol is what class/type of drug
Beta Adrenergic long acting agonist
Name a combination B Adrenergic agonist
Seretide
Symbicort
What is seretide
Serevent and flixotide
What do xanthines stimulate
CNS, the heart. Skeletal muscle. Cilia. Urine output. Gastric secretions
Xanthines cause an elevation of blood sugar and insulin. True?
True
Xanthines cause an elevation of?
FFA
blood sugar
Insulin
Xanthines inhibit what?
Smooth muscle
Vascular and bronchial
What effect do xanthines have on bronchial smooth muscle
Inhibits it
Xanthines on resp system have what effect?
Stimulate cilia
Inhibits smooth muscle - bronchial
What is theophylline
Second line bronchodilator
When is theophylline used?
Nocturnal asthma
Acute severe asthma
When avoiding steroids
Mechanism of theophylline ?
Inhibits phosphodiesterase
It is an antagonist to adenosine receptor
Increase cathecholamine release
T-lymphocyte modulation
Examples of xanthines
Caffeine
Theophylline
What drug family is theophylline in?
Xanthines
Mechanism that causes Side effects of theophylline are?
Gastric acid secretion Relaxes vascular smooth muscle Stimulates myocardium Increase FFA/cathecholamine a Stimulates CNS
Stimulation of gastric acid causes what S/E?
Anorexia, nausea, diarrhoea, abdo pain
