SBG NHP Questions

Question 1

What is the placentation of Strepsirrhines?

Answer 1

epitheliochorial

Question 2

What is placentation of Tarsiers?

Answer 2

hemochorial

Question 3

What is the dentition of Strepsirrhines?

Answer 3

4, 2, 6, 6

Question 4

What is the dentition of Tarsiers?

Answer 4

4, 2, 6, 6

Question 5

What is the dentition of Platyrrhines?

Answer 5

Callitrichids: 4, 2, 6, 4

Marmosets have procumbent incisors same length as canines used to gnaw holes in trees and eat gums and exudates, a staple of their diet.

Cebids: 4, 2, 6, 6

Question 6

What is the dentition of Catarrhines?

Answer 6

4, 2, 4, 6

Question 7

Which digit is opposable in Callitrichids?

Answer 7

Hallux - first digit of each foot

Question 8

Describe scent glands in Callitrichids.

Answer 8

Circumgenital glands - sebaceous glands that cover labia major and pudendum in female, and scrotum in male

Sternal glands - on anterior chest

Question 9

Describe breeding in Callitrichids.

Answer 9

Usually only one female in an extended breeding group reproduces. Subordinate females (usually offspring of breding female) may or may not have estrous cycles

Question 10

Describe twinning in Callitrichids.

Answer 10

Frequency ~80%. All twins and many singletons are chimeras. Result of placental vasscular anastomoses and continuous placental hematopoiesis resulting in stem cell crossover. Freemartinism does not occur because placenta contains aromatizing enzyme system converting androgens to estrone.

Question 11

Which NHPs require vitamin D3 in the diet?

Answer 11

Platyrrhines: Cebids and Callitrichids.

Question 12

Describe group composition in marmosets.

Answer 12

Can be multi male-multifemale, one male-multifemale, or one female-multimale. Usually common marmoset groups have only one breeding pair.

Question 13

Describe group composition in tamarins.

Answer 13

multimale-multifemale, consisting of related and unrelated adults and offspring. All-male and solitary males have also been observed. Mating system usually polyandry. Polygyny and monogamy can also occur.

Question 14

List Callitrichids listed in Appendix I of CITES.

Answer 14

Callithrix aurita, C. flaviceps

Sanguinus bicolor, S. geoffroyi, S. leucopus, S. oedipus

Question 15

Puberty in Callitrichids?

Answer 15

Influenced by social setting. 15-17 months for female tamarins if living in family group. If removed at 9 months from family group and paired with unrelated male then puberty at 10-11 months. Male C. jacchus reach adult testosterone levels at 18 month, but likley able to impregnate prior to this.

Question 16

Ovarian cycle of common marmoset?

Answer 16

28-30 days

Question 17

Pregnancy detection in Callitrichids?

Answer 17

As early as 2 weeks with plasma or urine placental chorionic gonadotropin.

Question 18

Are Callitrichids seasonal breeders?

Answer 18

In the wild, yes. In laboratory, no.

Question 19

Weaning in Callitrichids?

Answer 19

45-60 days

Question 20

Environmental temperatures for Callitrichids?

Answer 20

Cotton topped tamarins are metabolically stressed below 32^o C (89^o F). Cold stress is a possible stressor leading to chronic colitis in this species.

Question 21

Describe nest boxes for Callitrichids.

Answer 21

Require flat surface for sleeping, preferably a nest box where a curled posture can be assumed to conserve body heat. Should have a viewing area at one end and a closable opening into the cage. Should be located as high as possible in the cage. Sanitized every other week.

Question 22

Are standard New World primate diets acceptable for marmosets?

Answer 22

The dietary levels of iron found in these diets have been associated with hepatic hemosiderosis in marmosets.

Question 23

Research models of common marmoset?

Answer 23

• Parkinson’s
• Allergic encephalomyelitis (models MS)
• Idiopathic hemochromatosis

Question 24

Research models for tamarins?

Answer 24

• Cotton-topped tamarin, S. oedipus, models for chronic colitis and colon cancer. (CITES I)
• S. labiatus, and S. mystax model viral hepatitis.