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Biology > SB8 > Flashcards

SB8 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a vein

A

carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart
Wide tube
thin flexible wall
veins contain valves to prevent blood from flowing the wrong way

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2
Q

What is an artery

A

Take blood away from the heart
narrow tube
thick layer of elastic and muscle fibres
these divide into narrow capillaries.
tick to stand sudden increases in pressure
a wave of stretching then passes along the artery walls this is your pulse.

Oxygenated blood

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3
Q

what is haemoglobin

A

This substance binds with the oxygen in the lungs and releases it again in tissues. When a lot of oxygen is bound to the haemoglobin the blood is bright red when there is less oxygen the blood is dark red.

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4
Q

what is a erythrocyte

A

red blood cell
no nucleus so there is more space for haemoglobin
the cells are shaped like discs with a dimple in each side (biconcave) this allows a large surface area so more oxygen can diffuse in and out.

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5
Q

what are lymphocytes

A

lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that produce proteins called antibodies that stick to foreign cells and help you destroy them

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6
Q

What are phagocytes

A

type of white blood cell which surround the foreign cells and digest them

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7
Q

what are platelets

A

platelets are tiny fragments of cells that have no nuclei but produce the substances needed to clot the blood at the sight of injury.

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8
Q

what are the 4 chambers of the heart

A

left and right atrium and left and right ventricle.

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9
Q

what is the vena cava in the heart

A

blood from most of the body enters the right atrium through the vena cava. a large vein. bring blood from the upper body to the heart

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10
Q

what is the pulmonary vein

A

blood from the lungs enters the left atrium the the pulmonary vein

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11
Q

what are heart valves

A

stop blood flowing the wrong way create the tub dub sound

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12
Q

what is the pulmonary artery

A

takes blood to the lungs from the heart

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13
Q

what is the aorta

A

carries blood to the rest of the body

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14
Q

list the order the parts through witch the blood flows from the vena cava to the aorta

A

1.enters the right atrium through the vena cava
2.blood is pushed into the ventricles
3. the muscles in the ventricle walls then contract pushing the blood through the aorta.

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15
Q

what is cardiac output

A

the contraction and relaxation of muscles in each heart beat.
cardiac output= stroke volume x heart rate

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16
Q

what is stroke volume

A

the volume of blood pushed into the arota in each heart beat measured in litres

17
Q

what is cellular respiration

A

is a series of chemical reactions that realise energy from glucose

18
Q

why does the body need a constant supply energy

A

moving
keeping warm
breaking down substances

19
Q

explain why cellular respiration keeps your body warm

A

some energy is transferred out of the cells by heating
Respiration is therefore exothermic

20
Q

what is meant by exothermic

A

a process in which energy transfer increases the temperature of the surroundings

21
Q

formula for aerobic respiration and where does it take place in the cell

A

glucose+oxygen - c02 and water
mitrocndria
Produces energy

22
Q

what is the role of the circulatory system for aerobic respiration

A

makes sure that cells have a god supply of oxygen ( taken in by lungs) and glucose (taken in by small intestine) and it carries waste away from the cells

23
Q

what is anaerobic respiration (biology)

A

during strenuous exercise the amount of anaerobic respiration on the cytoplasm of cells greatly increases this does not require oxygen and produces lactic acid

24
Q

give 2 examples of anaerobic respiration not in humans

A

the holes in some cheeses are caused by gases release from anaerobic reparation.
ethanol in alcoholic drinks is produced buy yeast.

25
Q
A

Biology (10 decks)

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