SB8 Flashcards
What is a vein
carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart
Wide tube
thin flexible wall
veins contain valves to prevent blood from flowing the wrong way
What is an artery
Take blood away from the heart
narrow tube
thick layer of elastic and muscle fibres
these divide into narrow capillaries.
tick to stand sudden increases in pressure
a wave of stretching then passes along the artery walls this is your pulse.
Oxygenated blood
what is haemoglobin
This substance binds with the oxygen in the lungs and releases it again in tissues. When a lot of oxygen is bound to the haemoglobin the blood is bright red when there is less oxygen the blood is dark red.
what is a erythrocyte
red blood cell
no nucleus so there is more space for haemoglobin
the cells are shaped like discs with a dimple in each side (biconcave) this allows a large surface area so more oxygen can diffuse in and out.
what are lymphocytes
lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that produce proteins called antibodies that stick to foreign cells and help you destroy them
What are phagocytes
type of white blood cell which surround the foreign cells and digest them
what are platelets
platelets are tiny fragments of cells that have no nuclei but produce the substances needed to clot the blood at the sight of injury.
what are the 4 chambers of the heart
left and right atrium and left and right ventricle.
what is the vena cava in the heart
blood from most of the body enters the right atrium through the vena cava. a large vein. bring blood from the upper body to the heart
what is the pulmonary vein
blood from the lungs enters the left atrium the the pulmonary vein
what are heart valves
stop blood flowing the wrong way create the tub dub sound
what is the pulmonary artery
takes blood to the lungs from the heart
what is the aorta
carries blood to the rest of the body
list the order the parts through witch the blood flows from the vena cava to the aorta
1.enters the right atrium through the vena cava
2.blood is pushed into the ventricles
3. the muscles in the ventricle walls then contract pushing the blood through the aorta.
what is cardiac output
the contraction and relaxation of muscles in each heart beat.
cardiac output= stroke volume x heart rate
what is stroke volume
the volume of blood pushed into the arota in each heart beat measured in litres
what is cellular respiration
is a series of chemical reactions that realise energy from glucose
why does the body need a constant supply energy
moving
keeping warm
breaking down substances
explain why cellular respiration keeps your body warm
some energy is transferred out of the cells by heating
Respiration is therefore exothermic
what is meant by exothermic
a process in which energy transfer increases the temperature of the surroundings
formula for aerobic respiration and where does it take place in the cell
glucose+oxygen - c02 and water
mitrocndria
Produces energy
what is the role of the circulatory system for aerobic respiration
makes sure that cells have a god supply of oxygen ( taken in by lungs) and glucose (taken in by small intestine) and it carries waste away from the cells
what is anaerobic respiration (biology)
during strenuous exercise the amount of anaerobic respiration on the cytoplasm of cells greatly increases this does not require oxygen and produces lactic acid
give 2 examples of anaerobic respiration not in humans
the holes in some cheeses are caused by gases release from anaerobic reparation.
ethanol in alcoholic drinks is produced buy yeast.
