sb2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the Cerebellum

A

Controls balance, co-ordination of movement and muscular activity.

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2
Q

What is the Medulla Oblongata

A

Controls unconscious activities such as heart rate and breathing rate.

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3
Q

What is the Hypothalamus

A

Regulates temperature and water balance within the body.

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4
Q

What are the 3 main ways used to scan the brain

A

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
CT (computed tomography)
PET (positron emission tomography)

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5
Q

what are MRI scanners

A

MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields and radio waves to show details of brain structure and function. Patients are asked to perform various tasks and, by looking at the scan, scientists can see which parts of the brain are active when the task is carried out. The patient lies on a bed which moves into the machine. Some people can feel claustrophobic inside an MRI scanner.

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6
Q

What are CT Scans

A

CT scanners are similar to MRIs. The patient lies on a bed which passes through a ring of equipment (not into the machine like in MRI). The ring takes a series of x-rays from different angles. These are processed by a computer to allow the doctors to see inside brains and other parts of the body.

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7
Q

What are PET scanners

A

PET scanners detect gamma rays that radiate from a chemical compound called a tracer. PET scans are used to detect high levels of metabolic reactions inside a person. Before going into the scanner the patient consumes the tracer. This travels to any area of the body which has unusually high levels of metabolic reactions. This is often a tumour and so PET scans are used to detect Cancers.

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8
Q

What are the 3 Main Types of Neurone

A

There are three main types of neurone:
sensory
motor
relay

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8
Q

Wha are Receptors

A

Receptors are groups of specialised cells. They detect a change in the environment and stimulate electrical impulses in response. Sense organs contain groups of receptors that respond to specific stimuli.

For example The sense organ would be the skin and the stimulus would be touch or temperature

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9
Q

What are effectors

A

Effectors include muscles and glands. They produce a specific response to a detected stimulus. For example:
a muscle contracting to move an arm
muscle squeezing saliva from the salivary gland
a gland releasing a hormone into the blood.

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10
Q

What are the steps in the Reflex Arc

A

A receptor in the skin detects a stimulus (the change in temperature).

Sensory neurones send electrical impulses to relay neurones, which are located in the spinal cord. They connect sensory neurones to motor neurones.

Motor neurones send electrical impulses to an effector.

The effector produces a response (muscle contracts to move hand away).

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11
Q

what happens when brain damage occurs

A

Brain damage is any loss of cells in the brain. This is often because of injuries such as car crashes when a person’s head hits an object with a great force.

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11
Q

How would you test Human reaction times

A

The ruler drop Test

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12
Q
A

What is the role of the

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13
Q

What is the cornea

A

It bends (refracts) light as it enters the eye.

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14
Q

What is the iris

A

Contains the muscles that contract and relax to control how much light enters the pupil

15
Q

What is the lens

A

Further refracts light to focus it onto the retina

16
Q

What is the optic nerve

A

Carries impulses between the eye and the Brain

17
Q

What is Sclera

A

Though eight outer layer of the eye protects from injury

18
Q

What is accommodation in the eye

A

The process of changing the shape of the lens on near or distant objects

19
Q

How does the eye focus on a near object

A

The lens becomes thicker which allows the light rays to bend (refract) more strongly

20
Q

How to focus on a distant object

A

The lens is pulled thin witch allows light rays to refract slightly

21
Q

How is short sightedness caused

A

The eyeball being elongated so that the distance between the lens and the retina is to great

The lens is too thick and curves so that the light is focused in the front of the retina

22
Q

How can short sightedness be corrected

A

By placing a concave lens in-front of the eye

23
Q

What is the cause of long sightedness

A

The eyeball is to short so the distance between the lens and the retina is too small

There is a loss of elasticity in the lens and it Connor become thick enough to focus

24
Q

How can long sightedness be fixed

A

By putting a convex lens in front of the eye

25
Q

What is laser surgery

A

Reshaped the cornea surgically commonly used for myopia

26
Q
A