sb5 health, diseases and the development of medicines (paper 1) Flashcards
define a communicable disease
- can be passed from different people
- through air, direct contact, and water
what is a pathogen
a microbe that may cause disease
state the four types of pathogens
- fungus
- virus
- protist
- bacteria
give an example(s) of a fungus
- athlete’s foot
give an example(s) of a virus
- HIV
give an example(s) of a protist
- malaria
give an example(s) of a bacteria
- salmonella
- cholera
how is malaria spread
through the vector (mosquito) that carries the disease but doesn’t get the disease itself
what are the physical barriers in our body protecting us from pathogens
- skin
- nose hairs
- cilia
what are the chemical barriers in our body protecting us from pathogens
- stomach acid/aches
- lysosomes
how does our skin stop pathogens entering our body
close/scab open wounds
how do our nose hairs stop pathogens entering our body
trap pathogens entering our lungs and sneeze it out
how does our cilia stop pathogens entering our body
found in our trachea and bronchi, and they waft the pathogens out
how do stomach acids/aches stop pathogens entering our body
has acids of PH2 that kill pathogens entering the stomach
how do lysosomes stop pathogens from entering our body
found in saliva and tears (e.g we may cry when wind blows in our eyes incase they have pathogens)
how can we prevent diseases
- basic hygeine
- destroying vectors
- isolating the infected individual
- vaccination
how does our immune system fight off diseases
through phagocytosis and lympocytes
what cover pathogens
antigens (proteins)
what are the two types of white blood cells that are in our specific immune response
phagocytes and lympocytes
describe phagocytosis
- detect the foreign protein
- attatches itself
- the membrain engulfs the pathogen and enzyme
- destroys pathogens using digestive enzymes
what do lympocytes do
- produce antibodies complementary to the pathogens antigen
- these cause pathogens to stick together to make engulfing easier
