health and disease (paper 1)

Question 1

how to from monoclonal antibodies

Answer 1

• combine lymphocytes to tumor cells that form a hybridoma cell
• it divides rapidly by tumor cell in a petri dish that produce identical antibodies
• we then collect it and purify it

Question 2

vaccination

Answer 2

• lymphocytes produce antibodies against the pathogen
• also produce memory lymphocytes
• when infected, memory lymphocytes will give a rapid secondary response and produce huge amounts of antibodies

Question 3

how to get lymphocytes for monoclonal antibodies

Answer 3

• we inject an animal with the antigen we want
• the immune system responds by producing B-lymphocytes to that antigen
• we can now isolate them and carry out monoclonal antibodies