sb4 natural selection and genetic modification (paper 1)

Question 1

define adaptation

Answer 1

over generation changes in the phenotypes and genotypes to fit a habitat

Question 2

what is evolution

Answer 2

how organisms have adapted tos urvive their environment over many years

Question 3

what two scientists developed an idea of evolution (roughly at the same time)

Answer 3

chalred darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace (wowsies)

Question 4

who’s idea opposed charles darwins ?

Answer 4

Jean-baptiste

Question 5

what was jean-baptiste’s idea about evolution

Answer 5

the more you used a feature, the larger it would grow (and vice versa !)

Question 6

what was charles darwins idea about evolution

Answer 6

natural selection:
- survival of the fittest: certain features were adapted to fit the environment

Question 7

what is genetic engineering

Answer 7

modifying the organisms genome by adding a gene that has a desirable characteristic

Question 8

is genetic engineering limites to one species

Answer 8

no

Question 9

give an example of a genetically modified animal

Answer 9

sheep: drugs in the milk to extract for diseases

Question 10

give an example of a genetically modified cell

Answer 10

bacteria: produces the hormone insulin (treats diabetes)

Question 11

why are crops genetically engineered

Answer 11

• size + quality
• resistant to diseases, insects and herbicides

Question 12

what is gene therapy

Answer 12

giving a person a healthy version of the gene to fix an inherited disorder (from faulty genes)

Question 13

what can be a problem of gene therapy + solution

Answer 13

• difficult to get it to work
• it’s in all the cells
• hard to transfer the new gene to every cell

-transfer the gene in an early stage (egg or embto) to pass it onto the other cells)

Question 14

pros of genetic engineering

Answer 14

• more food for less money
• desireable characteristics
• resistant to disease

Question 15

cons of genetic engineering

Answer 15

• don’t know how they affect our health (no evidence but not sure)
• when in the wild, they can change an ecosystem (unlikely as they are only modified to survive in a farm)

Question 16

how do you transfer the gene from one organism to another

Answer 16

• isolate the desired gene using enzymes
• insert the gene into a vector (a virus or bacterial plasmid)
• introduce the vector to the desires organism
• the organisms cells will then take up the vector and the gene and start producing the protein that the gene codes for

Question 17

what is an antibiotic

Answer 17

a substance that only kills bacteria

Question 18

define antibiotic resistant

Answer 18

• they reproduce using mitosis when a mutation happens to one of the daughter cells
• this makes that cell resistant to the antibiotic and it reproduces