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bi > SB5 > Flashcards

SB5 Flashcards

1
Q

Health

A

A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being

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2
Q

Physical wellbeing

A

Eating & sleeping well and being free from disease

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3
Q

Mental wellbeing

A

How you feel about yourself

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4
Q

Social wellbeing

A

How well you get on with other people

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5
Q

Communicable vs non-communicable

A

Communicable diseases can be passed from one to another & non-communicable diseases cannot be passed between people

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6
Q

Pathogen

A

An organism that causes an infectious disease (bacteria, viruses, fungi & protists)

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7
Q

Bacterium

A

May release toxins that make us feel ill. Some types of bacteria invade and destroy cells.

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8
Q

Virus

A

Viruses take over a body cell’s DNA causing the cell to make toxins which cause damage

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9
Q

Fungi

A

Eukaryotic organisms

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10
Q

Protists

A

Eukaryotic organisms

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11
Q

Cholera

A

Bacterium

- Watery diarrhea

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12
Q

Malaria

A

Protist

  • Fever
  • Weakness
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13
Q

HIV/AIDS

A

Virus

  • Flu like symptoms
  • Repeated infections
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14
Q

TB

A

Bacterium

  • Lung damage
  • Weight loss
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15
Q

Ebola

A

Virus

  • Internal bleeding
  • Severe headache
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16
Q

Stomach ulcers

A

Bacterium

  • Inflammation
  • Bleeding in stomach
17
Q

Ash die-back chalara

A

Fungus

  • Leaf loss
  • Bark damage
18
Q

Vectors

A

Vectors carry pathogens from one person to another (e.g malaria mosquito)

19
Q

STI’s

A

Sexually transmitted infections spread by sexual activity. Chlamydia is a bacterium and HIV is a virus.

20
Q

Spread of STI’s

A

Bacteria can be spread by contact with sexual fluid from an infected partner

21
Q

Reducing spread of STI’s

A
  • Using condoms
  • Screening people
  • Supplying intravenous drug abusers with sterile needles
22
Q

Human defenses

A

The human body has both physical and chemical defenses to give protection against pathogens. Physical barriers make it hard for pathogens to enter the body. Chemical barriers are produced to kill active pathogens.

23
Q

Chemical defenses

A
  • Lysozyme- enzyme in tears kills bacteria by digesting cell walls (also found in saliva and mucus)
  • Hydrochloric acid- in stomach, kills pathogens in food and drink
24
Q

Physical barriers

A
  • Unbroken skin- too thick for most pathogens to get through
  • Sticky mucus- in the breathing passages and lungs- traps pathogens, Cilia moves the mucus out of the lungs towards the back of the throat where it is swallowed
25
Q

Immune system

A

Helps protect the body by attacking pathogens.

26
Q

Antibodies

A

Antibodies are produced by white blood cells that can destroy specific pathogens

27
Q

Lymphocytes

A
  • Each pathogen has unique antigens on the surface
  • A lymphocyte with an antibody that fits the antigen is activated
  • The lymphocyte divides many times to produce clones of identical lymphocytes
  • Some lymphocytes produce lots of antibodies which stick to the pathogen and destroy it
  • Others stay in the blood as memory lymphocytes, ready to respond immediately if the same antigen returns
28
Q

Immunization

A

When you give a person a vaccine to prevent them becoming ill from a disease

29
Q

How vaccines work

A
  • Vaccines contain antigens from the pathogen (weakened or dead)
  • The persons lymphocytes produce antibodies against the pathogen and also memory lymphocytes
  • If the person becomes infected with the real pathogen the memory lymphocytes will have a rapid secondary response.
30
Q

Eval. of immunization

A

:) Immunity is produced without being ill
:) Immunity lasts a long time

:( Some people get a mild reaction of swelling or soreness
:( Sometime a person has a major harmful reaction

31
Q

Damage of smoking

A

Carbon monoxide reduces how much oxygen the blood can carry
Chemicals in tar (carcinogens) cause cancer (mouth and lungs)
Substances in cigarettes can cause blood vessels to narrow, increasing blood pressure

32
Q

Measuring obesity

A

Waist hip ratio
wait measurement/hip measurement

BMI
weight in kilograms/height in meters

33
Q

Treating cardiovascular disease

A

Lifestyle changes & Medication

34
Q

Lifestyle changes

A
  • Give up smoking
  • Do more exercise
  • Eat a healthier diet
  • Lose weight
35
Q

Medication

A
  • Betablockers
36
Q

Surgery for cardiovascular disease

A

If an artery becomes narrowed, the drop in blood flow can cause damage to tissue beyond the blockage
A wire frame called a stent is inserted into the narrow part of the artery

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