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bi > SB2 > Flashcards

SB2 Flashcards

1
Q

Diploid cells

A

Cells with two copies of each chromosome

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2
Q

Haploid

A

Cells that contain one of each type of chromosome (e.g gamete)

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3
Q

DNA replication

A

Making copies of all the chromosomes

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4
Q

Mitosis

A

Cell division. The cell splits to form two daughter cells, which are both identical to the parent cell.

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5
Q

Cell differentiation

A

Changing less specialized less into specialized cells.

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6
Q

Why does a red blood cell have no nucleus

A

To allow more space for red hemoglobin molecules (which carry oxygen) Also larger surface area to allow oxygen to diffuse in and out quicker.

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7
Q

Why do nerve cells have long fiber

A

It carries electrical impulses around the body and connects it to other neurons

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8
Q

Muscle cells

A

Contain special contractile proteins that can shorten the cell

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9
Q

Cytoplasm of fat cells

A

The cytoplasm if filled with large fat droplets. The fat is stored until the body needs energy

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10
Q

Measuring growth

A

Final value-starting value/ starting value *100

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11
Q

Meristems

A

Groups of cells near the end of each shoot and root that allows plants to continue growing throughout their lives

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12
Q

Elongation

A

Cells that increase in lengths

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13
Q

Palisade cells

A

Plant cells found inside leaves near the top surface. Their main function is photosynthesis.

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14
Q

Stem cells

A

Cells that can divide repeatedly over a long period of time to produces cell that differentiate are called stem cells

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15
Q

Embryonic stem cells

A

The cells of an early age embryo

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16
Q

Adult stem cells

A

By the time the animal is fully developed, the stem cells can usually only produce the type of specialized cells that is in the tissue around them. Adult stem cells in human tissues allow the tissues to grow and replace old or damaged cells

17
Q

Rejection

A

Sometimes, stem cells from one person are often killed by the immune system of other people that they are put into

18
Q

Neurons

A

Nerve cells

19
Q

Central nervous system

A

The brain and the spine form the CNS, which controls your body. Nerves make up the rest of the nervous system which allows all your body parts to communicate.

20
Q

Impulses

A

Electrical signals

21
Q

Stimulus

A

Anything your body is sensitive to, including changes inside your body and your surroundings.

22
Q

Receptor cells

A

Cells that detect stimuli and then create impulses to send to the brain. The brain processes this information and then sends impulses to your body to cause a response

23
Q

Neurotransmission

A

The traveling of impulses.

24
Q

Sensory neuron

A

It’s function is to carry impulses from a receptor cell towards the CNS.

25
Q

Dendrite

A

An impulse passes through a tiny branch called a dendrite.

26
Q

Dendron

A

The impulse is passed to the dendron from the dendrite, and then passed through the axon.

27
Q

Axon terminals

A

Takes the impulse from the axon and transmits it to other neurons

28
Q

Myelin sheath

A

A fatty layer surrounding the dendron and axon, which insulates the neuron to stop the signal from losing energy. It also males and impulse jump along the ell between gaps in the myelin.

29
Q

Motor neuron

A

Carries impulses to effectors

30
Q

Synapses

A

One neuron meets another at a synapse. which is a gap. When an impulse reaches an axon terminal, a neuron transmitter substance is released into the gap. This is detected by the next neuron, which generates a new impulse. Synapses slow down neurotransmission.

31
Q

Reflex arc

A

Neuron pathways that bypass the parts of the brain involved so that the responses are quicker (you dont have to process the information first, instead you just act on the stimulus)

32
Q

What happens in mitosis

A

Interphase- duplicate chromosomes before mitosis starts
——
prophase- nucleus is still present, chromosomes are condensing
metaphase- nucleus is disassembled, chromosomes line up in middle of cell
anaphase- chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell (spindle fibers move them)
telophase- new nuclei are forming on each side of the cell
cytokinesis- splits into two cells

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