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Biology > SB1 words > Flashcards

SB1 words Flashcards

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1
Q

Eyepiece lens

A

The part of the microscope you look down

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2
Q

Magnification

A

How much bigger something appears compared to its actual size

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3
Q

Object lens

A

The part of the microscope that is closest to the specimen

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4
Q

Stain

A

A dye used to colour parts of a cell to make them easier to see

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5
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

A type of respiration in which oxygen is used to release energy from substances such as glucose

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6
Q

Cell (surface) membrane

A

The membrane that controls what goes into and out of a cell it is often called the cell surface membrane because eukaryotic cells contain other structures with membranes

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7
Q

Cell sap

A

Liquid found in the permanent vacuole in plant cells

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8
Q

Cell wall

A

A tough layer of material around some cells which is used for protection and support. It is stiff and made of cellulose in plant cells. Bacteria have a flexible cell wall

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9
Q

Chlorophyll

A

The green substance found inside chloroplasts it traps energy transferred by light

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10
Q

Chloroplasts

A

A green disc containing chlorophyll found in plant cells where the plant makes glucose using photosynthesis

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11
Q

Chromosome

A

A structure found in the nuclei of cells, each chromosome contains one enormously long DNA molecule

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12
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The watery jelly inside a cell where the cell’s activities take place

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13
Q

DNA

A

A substance that contains genetic information. Short for deoxyribonucleic acid

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14
Q

Eukaryotic

A

A cell with a nucleus is eukaryotic. Organisms that have cells like this are said to be eukaryotic

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15
Q

Field of view

A

The circle of light you see looking down a microscope

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16
Q

Mitochondrion

A

A sub cellular structure (organelle) in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells where aerobic respiration occurs

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17
Q

Nucleus

A

The control centre of a eukaryotic cell

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18
Q

Ribosome

A

Tiny subcellular structure that makes proteins

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19
Q

Scale bar

A

A line drawn on a magnified image that shows a certain distance at that magnification

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20
Q

Scientific paper

A

An article written by scientists and published in a science magazine called a journal. It is like an investigation report but usually shows the results and conclusions drawn from many experiments

21
Q

Vacuole

A

A storage space in cells. Plants have a large permanent vacuole that helps to keep them rigid

22
Q

Acrosome

A

A small vacuole In the tip of the head of a sperm cell contains enzymes

23
Q

Adaptation

A

The features that something has to enable it to do a certain function

24
Q

Adapted

A

If something has adaptations for a certain it is said to be adapted for that function

25
Q

Ciliated epithelial cell

A

A cell that lines certain tubes in the body and has cillia one its surface

26
Q

Cilium

A

A small hair like structure on the surface of some cells

27
Q

Digestion

A

A process that breaks molecules into smaller more soluble substances

28
Q

Diploid

A

Describes a cell that has two sets of chromosomes

29
Q

Egg cell

A

The female gamete

30
Q

Embryo

A

The tiny new life that grows by cell division from from a fertilised egg cell (zygote)

31
Q

Enzyme

A

A substance that can speed up some processes in living things

32
Q

Epithelial cell

A

A cell found on the surfaces of some parts of the body

33
Q

Fertilisation

A

Fusing of male and female gametes

34
Q

Gamete

A

A cell used for sexual reproduction

35
Q

Haploid

A

Describes a cell that has one set of chromosomes

36
Q

Mircrovillus

A

A fold on the surface of a villus cell. These folds increase the surface area so that digested food is absorbed more quickly.

37
Q

Oviduct

A

A tube that carries egg cells from the ovaries to the uterus in females. Fertilisation happens here.

38
Q

Specialised cell

A

A cell that is adapted for a certain specific function

39
Q

Sperm cell

A

A male gamete

40
Q

Chromosomal DNA

A

DNA found in chromosomes/large loop of DNA found in bacteria

41
Q

DNA

A

A substance that contains genetic information- deoxyribonucleic acid

42
Q

Flagellum

A

A tail like structure that rotates allowing a unicellular organism to move

43
Q

Plasmid

A

A small loop of DNA found in the cytoplasm of bacteria

44
Q

Prokaryotic

A

A cell with no nucleus is prokaryotic e.g. bacteria

45
Q

Biological catalyst

A

A substance found in living organisms that speeds up reactions

46
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance that speeds up the rate of reaction without being used up itself

47
Q

Digest

A

To break down large molecules into smaller subunits particularly in the digestive system

48
Q

Monomer

A

A small molecule that joins with other molecules like itself to form a polymer

Biology (4 decks)

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