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Biology > B7 > Flashcards

B7 Flashcards

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1
Q

Where are hormones produced?

A

Endocrine glands

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2
Q

How are hormones transported?

A

In the blood stream

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3
Q

What organs do hormones affect?

A

Target organs

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4
Q

What do hormones generally do?

A

Control things in organs and cells which need constant readjustment

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5
Q

What gland is described as the master gland?

A

Pituitary gland

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6
Q

Why is the pituitary gland known as the master gland?

A

The hormones it produces act on other glands

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7
Q

Give an example of an activity in the body that the pituitary gland controls?

A

Metabolic rate and menstrual cycle

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8
Q

What hormones does the pancreas produce?

A

Insulin and glucagon

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9
Q

What does insulin do?

A

Regulates blood glucose levels

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10
Q

What else does the pancreas produce?

A

Digestive enzymes

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11
Q

What hormones do the ovaries produce?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

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12
Q

What hormones do the testes produce?

A

Testosterone

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13
Q

What does testosterone control?

A

Puberty and sperm production

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14
Q

What hormone does the thyroid gland produce?

A

Thyroxine

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15
Q

What does the hormone thyroxine control?

A

Rate of metabolism
Heart rate
Temperature

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16
Q

Where is adrenaline produced?

A

Adrenal glands

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17
Q

What does the hormone adrenalin control?

A

Fight or flight response

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18
Q

What is the target organ for Insulin?

A

The liver

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19
Q

What is the target organ for oestrogen and progesterone?

A

The uterus

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20
Q

What is the target organ for testosterone?

A

Male reproductive organs

21
Q

Target organs for thyroxine?

A

Liver
Muscles
Kidney

22
Q

Target organs for adrenalin?

A

Liver and heart

23
Q

What is faster the nervous system or hormones?

A

Nervous system

24
Q

Hormones take a long time to act, true or false?

A

True

25
Q

Hormones act on a precise area, true or false?

A

Flase- neurons act on a precise area, hormones are more general

26
Q

What is the menstrual cycle?

A

When the female body releases an egg and prepares the uterus for a fertilised egg

27
Q

What happens on day 1 of the menstrual cycle?

A

Menstruation starts- uterus lining breaks down and is released

28
Q

What happens on day 4 on the menstrual cycle?

A

Uterus lining is repaired and becomes a thick spongy layer of blood vessels ready for a fertilised egg

29
Q

What happens on day 14 of the menstrual cycle?

A

Ovulation- an egg develops and is released from the ovary

30
Q

What happens between day 14 and 28 of the menstrual cycle?

A

The lining is maintained and is there is no egg on day 28 then the lining breaks down

31
Q

Where is oestrogen released from?

A

Ovaries

32
Q

What does oestrogen do?

A

Causes uterus lining to thicken

33
Q

What does a high level of oestrogen stimulate?

A

LH

34
Q

When is progesterone released?

A

After ovulation

35
Q

Where is progesterone released from?

A

Corpus lutem

36
Q

What does progesterone do?

A

Maintains uterus lining

37
Q

What does progesterone inhibit?

A

Release of LH and FSH

38
Q

When levels of oestrogen and progesterone fall what happens?

A

Uterus lining breaks down

39
Q

What happens when the level of progesterone is low and FSH level is high?

A

The cycle begins again

40
Q

What do barrier methods prevent?

A

Egg and sperm meeting

41
Q

What do barrier methods protect against?

A

STIs

42
Q

Examples of barrier methods

A

Condom and diaphragm

43
Q

What do hormonal contraceptives do?

A

Stop ovulation

44
Q

What do hormones containing oestrogen prevent?

A

Egg Release- keep oestrogen levels permanently high and inhibit FSH release to stop egg development

45
Q

What do hormones containing progesterone do?

A

Reduce fertility by stimulating production of thick cervical mucus to prevent sperm passing cervix

46
Q

What hormones does the pill contain?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

47
Q

What is a disadvantage of hormonal contraceptives?

A

Unpleasant side effects e.g. acne, head aches, mood swings

48
Q

What don’t hormonal contraceptives protect against?

A

STIs

Biology (4 decks)

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