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T1 - Dani's SpinalBio > SB - 8-10 > Flashcards

SB - 8-10 Flashcards

1
Q

motor unit

A

alpha motor neuron in the ant horn of spinal column, its axon and all muscle fibers it innervates

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2
Q

contraction

A

result of many motor units firing asynchronously and repeatedly.

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3
Q

contraction - the ___ of contraction is dependent on the number of motor units firing

A

magnitude

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4
Q

anarobic metabolism

A

no oxygen –> lactic acid

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5
Q

concentric contraction -
muscle ___
___ class levers
muscle is the ___ force

A

shortens
3rd
effort

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6
Q

eccentric contraction -
muscle ___
___ class levers
muscle is the ___ force

A

lengthens
2n
resistance

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7
Q

isometric contraction
muscle ——
___ between effort and resistance forces

A

does not change in length

equilibrium

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8
Q

fasia are sheaths of ___ ___

A

CT

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9
Q

superficial fascia

A

directly under skin

allow for skin to move

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10
Q

deep fascia

A

attached to muscels, bones, and other CY

form bands, tracts and retinacula

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11
Q

retinacula

A

sheaths of fascia that hold tendons together

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12
Q

fascial planes

A

interconnected throughout the body

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13
Q

compartment syndrome

A

muscle belly enlarges and cannot expand bc of the fascia

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14
Q

passive tension

A

noncontractile

created by lengthening the muscle beyond the slack length

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15
Q

active tension

A

contractile

created by cross-bridge formation

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16
Q

total tension

A

the combo of passive and active tension developed during active contraction

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17
Q

agonist

A

prime mover

produces desired action

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18
Q

antagonist

A

muscle(s) directly opposite the agonist

they do not resist the desired motion, but do have the potential to do so

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19
Q

synergist

A

muscles that assist the agonist

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20
Q

shortened muscles

A

hyperactive and tight

due to overuse

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21
Q

long muscles

A

inhibited and lengthened

antagonist of a tight muscle

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22
Q

an imbalance may resulet in ___ movement –> ___ ___

A

faulty

joint dysfunction

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23
Q

length assessment

A

separate the origin and insertion

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24
Q

CT damage

A

any process or event that disturbs the nromal function of a specific joint structure, including muscle, will set up a chain of events that eventually affects every part of the joint and its surrounding structures

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25
Q

disease of CT effects

A

effects the normal biological function of tissues

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26
Q

injury/trauma of CT damages

A

the physical structure leading to weakening and possible instability and failure

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27
Q

immobilization is detrimental to ___ ___ and ___

A

joint structure and function

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28
Q

immobilization can lead to joint capsules and surrounding structures to ___

A

shorten

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29
Q

immobilization can lead to ____ and ___ lose collagen and cross linking ability and thus strength

A

ligaments and tendons

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30
Q

immobilization can lead to the loss of __% of strength of ligaments and tendons in 8 weeks; full recovery can take up to __ months

A

50

18

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31
Q

immobilization can lead to ___ ___ developing fibrofatty tissue, adhesions, cartilage atrophy, regional osteoporosis, increased water intake, and decreased proteoglycans

A

articular cartilage

hyaline

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32
Q

immobilization in shortened postion can lead to ___ ___ __ due to increased development of CT, loss of mass and atrophy

A

significant structural changes

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33
Q

repetative stress injuries

A

over use, repitive motion, repetitive strain injuries, disoorders or syndromes

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34
Q

joint structures are thought to fail due to lack of adequate ___ ____ between loads even though the loads may be within the normal loading rand for the tissue

A

recovery time

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35
Q

repetitive load/strain –>

A

eventual failure

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36
Q

vertebral column was built for ___, ____ and ___

A

mobility
stability
protection

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37
Q

___ vertebrae

A

33

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38
Q

___ discs

A

23

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39
Q

IVDs are cartilaginous smphsis joints consisting of 3 things

A

annulus
nucleus
end plates

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40
Q

2 facet joints

A

zygopophyseal

apophyseal

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41
Q

audible click from manipulations comes from ___ ___

A

facet joints

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42
Q

accessory motions

A

small involuntary motions that have to happen for the gross motion to occur

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43
Q

4 general motions

A

flex
extend
rot
lateral flexion

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44
Q

coupled motion

A

consistent association of one motion about an axis with another motion about a different axis
in order for 1 to occur the other has to happen a little too

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45
Q

the amount of motion available is determined by the relative ___ of the ____

A

size

disc

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46
Q

C/S has ____ mobility than the L/S

A

more

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47
Q

typical C/S disc height =

A

~3mm

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48
Q

typical L/S disc height =

A

~6mm

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49
Q

difference between height of C/S disc and L/S disc

A

~6mm

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50
Q

direction of motion is determined by the orientation of the ___

A

facets

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51
Q

C/S facets face ___/____

direction of motion?

A

superior/post

any direction

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52
Q

T/S facets face ____

direction of motion

A

post

rotation

53
Q

L/S facets face ____

direction of motion?

A

medial

flex and extend

54
Q

C/S
relatively __
restrict ___ and ___ ___
little effect on ___ and ___

A

lax
rotatation and lateral bending
flex and extend

55
Q

T/S

little effet on ___ due to other structures

A

ROM

56
Q

L/S

restraint to ___ and ___

A

rotation and flexion

57
Q

capsules are thickest in ___ and ___ junctions

A

C/T

T/L

58
Q

compression result of

A

reult of gravity, ground reaction forces, and the pull of ligaments and muscles

59
Q

tensile result of

A

results from resisting motion

60
Q

bending result of

A

respons in compression and tension

61
Q

torsion result of

A

created by rotation

62
Q

shear result of

A

result of translation during flex and extention and lateral bending

63
Q

triangle area of trabecular system on vertebrae reults in ___ resistance

A

minimum

64
Q

compression fractures occur in the ___ of vertebral bodies

A

anterior

65
Q

sacral curve

A

primary

66
Q

thoracic curve

A

primary

67
Q

cervical curve

A

secondary

develops as infants begin to raise their heads to standing upright

68
Q

lumbar curve

A

secondary

develops between 1-10

69
Q

spinal curves ___ the vertebral columns resistance to axial compressive forces

A

increase

70
Q

the resistance of a curved column is directly ____ to the square of the number of curves plus 1

A

proportional

71
Q

3x3(C/S+T/S+L/S)=

A

10 times more resistant than a stright column

72
Q

average significance of a curve

A

95

94-96

73
Q

exaggerated curve:

A

below 94

dynamic

74
Q

modest curve =

A

above 96

static

75
Q

Upper cervical region =

A

Co, C1, C2

76
Q

Co-C1 allows for ___ degrees of flexion and ___ degrees of extension; total of __ degrees for nodding

A

15
15
30

77
Q

C1/C2
__ degrees of rotation
___ degrees to both sides

A

55-58

45

78
Q

___ flexion, extension and lateral bending at C1-C2

A

minimal

79
Q

axis of rotation for C1-C2 starts at the ___ then shifts ____ to the mid-canal and aligns with the axis of the ___ ___

A

dens
posterior
medulla oblongata

80
Q

C3-C7

allows for ___ ROM

A

all

81
Q

C3-C7

___% of rotation

A

40

82
Q

C3-C7 coupled motion of ___ and ___ ____

A

rotation

lateral bending

83
Q

greatest neck flexion between C_ and C_

A

3

6

84
Q

C_ and C_ have the greatest range of flex and ext

A

C5/C6

85
Q

Axis of rotation for C3-C7 is along the ___ aspect of the bodies, at an angle bc of ____

A

lordosis

86
Q 
C/S ROM
\_\_ degrees of flexion
\_\_\_ degrees of extension
\_\_\_ degrees of rotation (\_\_\_ degrees at \_\_\_-\_\_\_)
\_\_\_-\_\_\_ degrees of lateral bending
A

40
60
80/45
35-45

87
Q

compression load of the head is transferred through __-__ joint to the APs of __, then through the ___ and ___ of the lower C/S

A

Co-C1 (occipital condyles)
C2
bodies and APs

88
Q

from C3 to C7, the load is carried by ____ column and 1/3 by the two ____ columns

A

anterolateral

posterolateral

89
Q

compressive loads are greatest at the end ranges of ___ and ____

A

flexion

extension

90
Q

rotation during flexion and extension also ___ loads on the C/S

A

increases

91
Q

T/S allows for ___ motion

A

all

92
Q

flex and ext are ___ from T1-T6 and is ___ from T9-T12

A

limited

greatest (bc of cage and orientation of facets)

93
Q

lateral bending and rotation are freest in the ___ T/S

A

upper

94
Q

lowe T/S coupled motion MAY be in the ___ direction. varies among individuals

A

opposite

95
Q

upper T/S and C/S coupled motion is always in the ____ direction

A

SAME/ IPSILATERAL

96
Q

axis of rotation for the T/S is at ___ vertebral body

A

mid

97
Q 
T/S AROM
\_\_\_ for flexion
\_\_\_ for ext
\_\_\_ for rotation
\_\_\_ for lat flex
A

45
40
35
20

98
Q

T/S can withstand greater compressive forces than C/S due to the amount of ___ ___ being supported

A

body weight

99
Q

due to kyphosis, line of gravity falls ___ to the T/S, creating a ___ moment

A

anterior

flex

100
Q

flex moment is counteracted in the T/S by the ___ __ and spinal ___ ___

A

post lig

extensor muscles

101
Q

the greatest stress in the T/S is at the peak of the ____

A

kyphosis

102
Q

l/s favors ___ and ___ expecially between __ and ___

A

flex
ext
L4
S1

103
Q

___ and ___ ___ are limited and mostly occurs in ___ l/s

A

rot
lat bending
upper

104
Q

couple motion:
lateral bending = flexion and ____ rotation
rotation = ___ lateral bending and slight flexion

A

ipsi

contra

105
Q

axis of rotation for l/s is at the ___ SP

A

mid

106
Q

little or no ___ __ or ___ are possible at L5/S1

A

lateral bending

rotation

107
Q

lumbar pelvic rhyth

involves __ of L/S and __ tilt of the pelvis at the hips

A

flex

ant

108
Q 
L/S AROM
\_\_\_ flex
\_\_\_ ext
\_\_ rot
\_\_\_ lat bending
A

60
20
5
20

109
Q

l/s withstands the compresssive loads of the upper body in ___ and ___ situations

A

static

dynamic

110
Q

l/s ___ compressive loads due to muscle ___ and carrying weight

A

increased

contraction

111
Q

___% of the load of the l/s is born by the vertebral bodies and IVDs and ___% by the facets

A

80

20

112
Q

l/s compressive loads can increase over __% just from walking

A

50

113
Q

l/s is subject to ___ shear forces due to the lordodic furve, body weight and ground reaction forces

A

ant

114
Q

ant shear force of the l/s is resisted by the ___ ___ and ___ __ ___ muscles

A

facet joints

deep erector spinae

115
Q

SI joint

structure and function change significantly with ___ and ___

A

growth and development

116
Q

SI joint

motion is ___ and linked to motion at the ___ ___

A

slight

pubic symphysis

117
Q

in childhood, SI joint is ___ and allows for gliding in ___ ranges

A

smooth

all

118
Q

sacral nutation

A

sacral promontory (base) moves anterior and inferior while the coccyx moves post

119
Q

sacral counter nutation

A

sacral promontory moves post and sup while the coccyx moves ant

120
Q

farabeufs theory of sacral nutation

A

axis of tilt is at the interosseous ligament, just post to the going

121
Q

bonnaires theory of sacral nutation

A

axis of tilt is at bonnaires tubercle, near the center of the joint

122
Q

weisels theory
1-
2-

A

1- no axis of tilt; purely translational

2- axis is in the pelvic bowl and varies person to persin

123
Q

SI jt suppor a large portion of body weight, therefore __ is extremely important

A

stability

124
Q

compressive loads of body weight cause a ___ torque on the sacrum

A

nutation

125
Q

concomitantly, ground reaction forces cause ___ tilt forces on the ilia

A

post

126
Q

compressive and ground reaction forces are resisted by the intricate system of ligs and muscle attachments that ___ the SI joints

A

stabilize

127
Q

SI joint irregularities that develop with age also help with ___ by limiting motion while facilitating vertical load bearing

A

stability

128
Q

pubic symphysis primarily resists ___ forces during gait, although very little movement occurs

A

shear

129
Q

dislocation of the pubic symphysis creates pelvic instability during gait as well as __ stress on the hip joints and vertebral column

A

increases

T1 - Dani's SpinalBio (5 decks)

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