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Chemistry GCSE > Sats & Salt Making/chemical Tests For Ions And Gases > Flashcards

Sats & Salt Making/chemical Tests For Ions And Gases Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a solid salt called?

A

A precipitate

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2
Q

What salts are soluble?

A

➡️ALL sodium, potassium and ammonium salts

➡️ALL nitrates

➡️MOST chlorides bromides and iodides (hailades)

➡️MOST sulphates

➡️sodium, potassium and ammonium carbonates

➡️sodium, calcium, ammonium and potassium hydroxides

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3
Q

What hailaides are insoluable?

A

Silver and lead hailades

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4
Q

What sulphates are insoluble?

A

Lead, barium and calcium sulphates

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5
Q

What salts are insoluble?

A

➡️ MOST carbonates

➡️ MOST hydroxides

➡️ silver & lead hailades

➡️ lead, barium & calcium sulphates

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6
Q

Which carbonates are soluble?

A

Sodium, potassium & ammonium carbonates

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7
Q

Which hydroxides are soluble?

A

Sodium, potassium, ammonium and calcium hydroxides

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8
Q

How do you obtain a insoluble salt?

A

By mixing two soluble salts

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9
Q

Method of soluble salt using excess solid copper

A

➡️ add copper to sulphuric acid until you sore excess copper in solution (fizzing & copper disappears)

➡️ filter out excess copper

➡️ heat with Bunsen to remove excess water

➡️ pour remaining solution in basin until it crystallises (blue solution)

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10
Q

Method of making soluble salt by titration

A

➡️Use burette and fill with acid

➡️alkali in flask add phenolphthalein & record start

➡️ add acid to alkali until solution has gone pink to colourless

➡️record end point on burette

➡️ repeat this again without indicator so solution isn’t contaminated until you get 2 concordant results. (Without indicator)

➡️put in evaporation basin and leave to crystallise

➡️ wash crystals with distilled water

➡️ dry in drying oven to obtain a pure dry salt

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11
Q

Method INSOLUBLE salt sodium sulphate and barium chloride solutions

A

➡️add soldier sluphate to a test tube

➡️ add barium chloride to same test tube

➡️ filter out solution into conical flask

➡️ rinse residue with distilled water

➡️ remove filter paper & residue and leave in watch glass

➡️ dry salt in drying oven

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12
Q

What is the test for carbonates?

A

➡️ add dilute HCl (metal carbonate + acid -> salt + water + Co2

➡️positive result -> Co2 is produced

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13
Q

Test for sulphates

A

➡️ Use dilute HCl and add barium chloride solution

➡️ positive result -> a white precipitate of barium sulphate will form

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14
Q

Test for chlorides

A

➡️ use dilute nitric acid and add silver nitrate solution

➡️ positive result -> white precipitate of silver chloride will form

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15
Q

Test for bromides

A

➡️ use dilute nitric acid and add silver nitrate solution

➡️ cream precipitate of silver bromide forms

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16
Q

Test for iodides

A

Use dilute nitric acid and add silver nitrate solution

positive result -> yellow precipitate

17
Q

What does colour is lithium in a flame test?

A

RED 🔴

18
Q

What does colour is sodium in a flame test?

A

YELLOW 🟡

19
Q

What does colour is potassium in a flame test?

A

LILAC 🟣

20
Q

What does colour is calcium in a flame test?

A

ORANGE-RED 🟠🔴

21
Q

What does colour is copper in a flame test?

A

BLUE-GREEN 🟢🔵

22
Q

Method of flame test

A

➡️clean platinum/nichrome wire and dip in HCL & place in the flame (acid removes contaminants)

➡️ dip wire into acid again and then compound. Place in roaring flame 🔥

➡️ record observations and use colour to identify metal ion

23
Q

Colour of FE2+

A

green precipitate 🟢

Formed at surface of solution

24
Q

Colour of FE3+

A

Red-brown precipitate 🔴🟤

Formed at surface of solution

25
Q

Colour of CU2+

A

Blue precipitate 🔵

Formed at surface of solution

26
Q

Test for oxygen

A

Glowing splint relights

27
Q

Test for hydrogen

A

Lit sprint gives squeaky pop

28
Q

Test for chlorine

A

Bleaches damp blue litmus paper

May go red for abit first

29
Q

Test for ammonia

A

➡️ add sodium hydroxide This will turn into ammonia

➡️ heat solution gently to release ammonia gas

➡️ TURNS DAMP RED LITMUS PAPER BLUE

30
Q

Test for carbon dioxide

A

➡️ bubble gas through lime water

➡️ positive result = water goes CLOUDY

31
Q

Test for Water

A

White anhydrous copper sulphate crystals will react to become hydrated copper sulphate crystals which are blue

Chemistry GCSE (4 decks)

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