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Chemistry GCSE > Alkanes + Alkenes > Flashcards

Alkanes + Alkenes Flashcards

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1
Q

Formula of alkanes

A

Cn H2n+2

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2
Q

4 Properties of alkanes

A
  • they are saturated
  • each carbon has 4 single covalent bonds
  • part of a homogolous series
  • they are hydrocarbons
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3
Q

Definition of homogolous series

A

A group of compounds with the same general formula

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4
Q

3 Properties of homogolous series

A
  • the formula of each molecule in series increases by CH2 groups each time
  • have similar chemical properties
  • trend in physical properties (boiling & melting)
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5
Q

Names of alkanes 1-5 carbon atoms

A

METHane

ETHane

PROPane

BUTane

PENTane

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6
Q

Different types of combustion in alkanes

A

Complete and incomplete combustion

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7
Q

Products of complete combustion

A

Carbon dioxide and water

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8
Q

Two different scenarios of the products created by incomplete combustion

A
  1. Levels of oxygen are low: carbon monoxide and water

2: levels are even lower:
Carbon and water

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9
Q

Dangers of incomplete combustion

A

Carbon monoxide

  • toxic
  • colourless and odourless
  • binds with haemoglobin and blocks bloods ability to transfer oxygen

Carbon
-carbon, soot and other small particles cause breathing difficulties (asthma)

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10
Q

Dangers of fuels

A

High temperatures produce nitrogen gas

This gas reacts with oxygen to form various nitrogen oxides

Fuels contain impurities such as sulphur

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11
Q

Formation of nitrogen oxide

A

N2 + O2 ➡️ 2NO

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12
Q

Formation of nitrogen dioxide

A

N2 + 2O2 ➡️ 2NO2

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13
Q

Formation of sulphur dioxide

A

S + O2 ➡️ SO2

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14
Q

How is acid rain formed?

A

SO2 and NOx react with water to form acid rain

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15
Q

Dangers of acid rain

A

Damages buildings and damages/kills plants & wildlife

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16
Q

What must be present for alkanes to react with bromine water?

A

UV light

17
Q

Reaction of bromine with methane

A

Methane + Bromine ➡️ bromomethane + hydrogen bromide

18
Q

4 Properties of alkenes

A
  • unsaturated
  • they contain at least one C=C double bond
  • part of homogolous series
  • they are hydrocarbons
19
Q

Formula of alkenes

A

CnH2n

20
Q

What happens when an alkene reacts with bromine?

A

The double bond gets broken as you are adding 2 bromine atoms.

example of a addition reaction

21
Q

What happens in reaction with an alkenes and bromine water?

A

Bromine atom displaces hydrogen atom. One atom becomes HBR

Substitution reaction as hydrogen atom is displaced

22
Q

How to distinguish between alkanes and alkenes

A

ADD BROMINE WATER

ALKANE - no reaction, ORANGE COLOUR of bromine water remains

ALKENE - ORANGE COLOUR DISAPPEARS TO COLOURLESS

23
Q

Definition of a hydrocarbon

A

Substance that contains hydrogen and carbon ONLY

Chemistry GCSE (4 decks)

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